Analysis of multiple quaternary ammonium compounds in the brain using tandem capillary column separation and high resolution mass spectrometric detection

Falasca, Sara; Petruzziello, Filomena; Kretz, Robert; Rainer, Gregor; Zhang, Xiaozhe

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.002

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Falasca et al . () used microwave irradiation to rapidly terminate the enzyme activity in the brain tissue of shrews. This maintains the levels of endogenous QACs and allows for more accurate analysis.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of carnitine and acylcarnitines in biological samples: a review

Mansour

Wei

Danielson

2013

Biomedical Chromatography

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Carnitine and its acylesters are a family of compounds that can be used in the early diagnosis of many diseases. Carnitine and acylcarnitines have a crucial role in fatty acid transportation. The increased level of free carnitine, total carnitine, or the acylesters can act as biomarkers for many metabolic disorders, including diabetes, encephalopathy and cardiomyopathy. The determination of these compounds is difficult owing to the simple aliphatic structure, the chiral center and the permanent positive charge. Although MS detection can be enough to differentiate between some carnitine derivatives, closely related structural isomers of the acylcarnitines must be separated before detection because they form the same base peak and second most abundant ion peak. Different separation methods are discussed in this review, including reversed-phase, hydrophilic interaction, ion exchange, ion pairing, mixed mode liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and electrophoresis. Representative example chromatograms are shown. The sample preparation and the different derivatization reactions are also covered. A table that summarizes the most important analytical methods by detailing the analyte mixture, the sample matrix, the separation mode and the detection method is provided.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of carnitine and acylcarnitines in biological samples: a review

Mansour

Wei

Danielson

2013

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Among the different possibilities to combine HILIC to RPLC, serial coupling is an easy setting, which does not require the use of specific interfaces, such as valve‐switching systems used in 2D chromatography. To the best of our knowledge, only three serial RPLC–HILIC coupled methods have been described in the literature so far, and just two of them have been applied to real matrices . Serial RPLC–HILIC coupled methods are emerging as a reliable technique, with a great potential to find application in several fields for the analysis of complex samples by a single injection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, only three serial RPLC–HILIC coupled methods have been described in the literature so far, and just two of them have been applied to real matrices . Serial RPLC–HILIC coupled methods are emerging as a reliable technique, with a great potential to find application in several fields for the analysis of complex samples by a single injection . However, more investigations are required to establish the versatility of such methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial coupling of RP and zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction LC-MS: Suspects screening of diclofenac transformation products by oxidation with a boron-doped diamond electrode

Rajab

Greco²,

Heim

et al. 2013

J. Sep. Science

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The presence of pollutants and their transformation products (TPs) in the water system is a big concern because of possible adverse effects on the aquatic environment. Their identification is still a challenge that requires the combination of different chromatographic techniques. In the current research, serial coupling of RPLC and zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction LC with TOF-MS was investigated as a single separation technique for the screening of suspected TPs from electrochemical oxidation of diclofenac using a boron-doped diamond electrode. Diclofenac oxidation was performed in three water matrices in order to study its transformation in different chemical contexts. 47 TPs resulting from similar oxidation methods were selected from the literature. As in most cases standards were not available, an identification procedure based on accurate mass data and chromatographic behavior was proposed. According to this procedure, 11 suspected TPs, previously analyzed by LC, GC, or ion chromatography, were detected in a single injection. The method was proved to be reliable and versatile and it could be efficiently employed as a comprehensive analytical tool for the simultaneous analysis of compounds in a wide polarity range.

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“…(polyhydroxyethyl aspartamide) HILIC column, was used for the analysis of 11 quaternary ammonium compounds in brain extracts, including acylcarnitines of low polarity. To overcome the mobile phase compatibility problem on the two columns, they were connected via a T-piece allowing addition of a make-up flow of 95% acetonitrile to the effluent from the RP column before transfer to the HILIC column (Falasca et al, 2012). …”

Section: Chapter 2 Advances In Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatmentioning

confidence: 99%