Analysis of morpho-anatomical stem properties determining its mechanical strength in selected rye cultivars

Abstract

The objective of the research was to compare important properties of the morphological and anatomical structure of stems of four open-pollinated rye cultivars in relation to their mechanical strength expressed by the failure moment, taking into account the possibility of using the stems for the manufacture of natural drinking straws. From the 2nd and the 3rd stem internodes, cross sections were obtained within which the number of large vascular bundles, the diameters of the stem and the central canal, as well as the thicknesses of the stem wall, sclerenchyma and parenchyma were determined. The differentiation in cultivar properties was mainly affected by the location of the internode within the stem. The stem diameter ranged from 5.2 mm (Dańkowskie Rubin) to 5.4 mm (Antonińskie). As compared with the 3rd internode, in the 2nd internode the values of the analysed traits ranged from 5 to 25% higher. In both internodes a significant correlation (r>0.680, p<0.01) between the stem diameter and the central canal diameter was found. In all the cultivars the failure moment depended significantly on the stem diameter for both the internodes (r > 0.638, p < 0.01). The analyses carried out show that the 2nd internode is characterized by the most favourable properties affecting the mechanical strength of rye stems.

Experiment and Research on Cutting Mechanical Properties of Little Cabbage

“…Before the cutting test, ten cabbage roots were randomly selected and weighed, respectively, and were continuously dried in an oven at 103 • C for 24 h to measure the moisture content (ASABE standard, 2012). The moisture content was calculated by Equation (1).…”

“…Reducing power consumption and cutting damage in the cutting operation and improving the service life of the tool are the main factors to be considered in the design of the cutting device. Investigating the physical and mechanical properties of the roots of little cabbage has important guiding significance for the research and development of cutting devices [1,2]. The stress-strain process in plant cutting, in essence, is that when the cutter compresses the root and bend root to elastically deform, the fibers at the minimum radius of curvature of the cutter blade generates tensile stress.…”

Biomolecular Strategies for Vascular Bundle Development to Improve Crop Yield

“…Muszynska et al [ 91 ] compared extreme lodging rye mutants and found that the lodging-resistant rye strain “MS135” was taller, with more tiller, had higher biomass production and heavier stalks with significantly more outer vascular bundles, and had a higher proportion of sclerenchyma cells. Recent research has shown that vascular bundles and surrounding leaf sheaths also contribute significantly to lodging resistance [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

A mechanistic view on lodging resistance in rye and wheat: a multiscale comparative study

“…The capacity of carbohydrates to hold water has a positive effect on plant stability during growth (Kölln, 2004 ; Lee et al ., 2020 ). Vascular bundles and surrounding leaf sheaths are also significant contributors to lodging resistance (Lee et al ., 2020 ; Wójtowicz et al ., 2020 ; Wu and Ma, 2020 ; Zhou et al ., 2019 ). Overall, it can be concluded that linking chemical to architectural/anatomical traits is the most promising approach to understand lodging resistance in cereal crops (von Forell et al ., 2015 ).…”