Analysis of Mixture Formation, Combustion and Pollutant Formation in HD Diesel Engines using Modern Optical Diagnostics and Numerical Simulation

Schwarz, V.; König, Gerhard; Dittrich, P.; Binder, Klaus

doi:10.4271/1999-01-3647

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, although the injection rates present relatively small differences during the injection event, once the needle lift is fully opened (at the end of the steep slope at early injection), the injection velocity is expected to rise with the injection pressure and therefore the fuel-air mixing process is expected to improve. This is why a comparison was not made between boots at the same peak pressure, since a further increase in injection pressure can enhance the mixing process [15]. In agreement with these facts and because the total injected fuel mass was kept constant, squares inserted in Figs.…”

Section: Injection Rate Shape Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A similar study was described by Schwarz et al [15], comparing the advantages of a ramp type injection which is natural in PLN systems with respect to the rectangular injection rate. In the important operating range of heavy-duty diesel engines at high load and low speed, the slow initial injection process is able to induce low combustion temperatures, while the high injection pressure at the end of the relatively long injection time favours soot oxidation.…”

Section: Bibliographic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 67%

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The modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy-duty diesel engines. Part 1: Effects on engine performance and emissions

Desantes

Benajes

Molina

et al. 2004

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Section: Injection Rate Shape Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Bibliographic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 67%

The modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy-duty diesel engines. Part 1: Effects on engine performance and emissions

Desantes

Benajes

Molina

et al. 2004

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…The combustion models have been validated by Dittrich [3] and Schwarz [11] in a number of studies of DaimlerChrysler heavy-duty diesel engines. Specifications and operating conditions are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Engine Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The additional submodels have been described in the literature and so are only briefly mentioned below (see Rutland [8] and Dittrich [3] for details). The multidimensional simulations for Diesel engine combustion have been extensively verified with modern optical experimental methods in high temperature combustion bombs as well as in transparent single cylinder engines (see Schwarz [11]). …”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Direct Water Injection on DI Diesel Engine Combustion

Bedford¹,

Rutland²,

Dittrich³

et al. 2000

SAE Technical Paper Series

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117

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The effects of in-cylinder water injection on a direct injection (DI) Diesel engine were studied using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program based on the Kiva-3v code. The spray model is validated against experimental bomb data with good agreement for vapor penetration as a function of time. It was found that liquid penetration increased approximately 35% with 23% of the fuel volume replaced by water, due mostly to the increase in latent heat of vaporization.Engine calculations were compared to experimental results and showed very good agreement with pressure, ignition delay and fuel consumption.Trends for emissions were accurately predicted for both 44% and 86% load conditions. Engine simulations showed that the vaporization of liquid water as well as a local increase in specific heat of the gas around the flame resulted in lower Nitrogen Oxide emissions (NOx) and soot formation rates. Using stratified fuel-water injection increases soot at 86% loads due in part to late injection. Because NOx decreased at all loads, the injection timing can be advanced to minimize fuel consumption and soot.

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“…If the injector needle closes, there is still fuel in the sac volume, but the high pressure is not active at the nozzle seat [27] and the atomization process is therefore not working correctly and the result is fuel droplets leaving the nozzle hole. This can be also noticed further in the ROHR analyze.…”

Section: Combustion Intensity-based On Broadband Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot Investigation on Fish Oil Spray Combustion in a Constant Volume Cell

Malin¹,

Krivopolianskii²,

Rygh³

et al. 2015

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Maritime environmental regulations stipulate lower emissions from the shipping industry. To cope with these rules, improving the combustion processes, make use of cleaner alternative fuels and implement exhaust gas cleaning systems is necessary. Alternative fuels, like fish oil, have a potential to reduce soot formation during the combustion process and will be deeply investigated in this paper. For this purpose, two different types of fish oil and their blends with marine gas oil (MGO) have been tested in a constant volume pre-combustion cell (CVPC). The CVPC laboratory was built in collaboration between MARINTEK and NTNU. To generate similar injection condition in the combustion cell as in an internal combustion engine, the CVPC is heated using a chemical heating process. The CVPC is used as a fundamental investigation tool for studying the fuel injection system for large engine applications. Parameters that were studied include the combustion, spray development, fuel evaporation process and ignition delay. The general experimental setup of the test facility is described and the optical methods applied are explained for the investigation of fish oil. The aim is to study soot intensity and spray development and to compare the results to pure low-sulphur MGO as a reference fuel. The results conclude that the combustion and ignition properties of fish oil are very similar to marine gas oil and this makes it applicable as an alternative fuel for power generation in the maritime industry. The tests also showed a significant decrease in soot formation for the two fish oils.

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Analysis of Mixture Formation, Combustion and Pollutant Formation in HD Diesel Engines using Modern Optical Diagnostics and Numerical Simulation

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

The modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy-duty diesel engines. Part 1: Effects on engine performance and emissions

The modification of the fuel injection rate in heavy-duty diesel engines. Part 1: Effects on engine performance and emissions

Effects of Direct Water Injection on DI Diesel Engine Combustion

Soot Investigation on Fish Oil Spray Combustion in a Constant Volume Cell

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