Analysis of mixed foot–and–mouth disease virus infections in Saudi Arabia: prolonged circulation of an exotic serotype

Woodbury, E. L.; Samuel, A. R.; Knowles, Nick J.; Hafez, S. M.; Kitching, R.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800057575

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Virus extinction was not reported, and the two serotypes were shown to cycle equally through time. Interestingly, mixed infection with type O and Asia 1 in cattle has been described, with both viruses coexisting for an extended period of time (8). Therefore, coinfections with different FMDV serotypes may have distinct consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, SAT-1 is the serotype most frequently isolated from buffaloes (Nick Knowles, personal communication). Isolates of different SAT serotypes are known to exist as mixed infections, with isolates of all three serotypes being detected on occasion from buffalo esophageal-pharyngeal fluid (OPF); similarly, there are field examples of mixed infections of type O and Asia-1 viruses in cattle (7,8). It is unclear why certain FMDV serotypes exist in discrete geographical regions, while other serotypes, for example, type O, have a more global distribution (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Differential Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in African Buffalo Is Related to Virus Virulence

Maree

Klerk-Lorist²,

Gubbins

et al. 2016

J Virol

103

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d ABSTRACTFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) circulates as multiple serotypes and strains in many regions of endemicity. In particular, the three Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes are maintained effectively in their wildlife reservoir, the African buffalo, and individuals may harbor multiple SAT serotypes for extended periods in the pharyngeal region. However, the exact site and mechanism for persistence remain unclear. FMD in buffaloes offers a unique opportunity to study FMDV persistence, as transmission from carrier ruminants has convincingly been demonstrated for only this species. Following coinfection of naive African buffaloes with isolates of three SAT serotypes from field buffaloes, palatine tonsil swabs were the sample of choice for recovering infectious FMDV up to 400 days postinfection (dpi). Postmortem examination identified infectious virus for up to 185 dpi and viral genomes for up to 400 dpi in lymphoid tissues of the head and neck, focused mainly in germinal centers. Interestingly, viral persistence in vivo was not homogenous, and the SAT-1 isolate persisted longer than the SAT-2 and SAT-3 isolates. Coinfection and passage of these SAT isolates in goat and buffalo cell lines demonstrated a direct correlation between persistence and cell-killing capacity. These data suggest that FMDV persistence occurs in the germinal centers of lymphoid tissue but that the duration of persistence is related to virus replication and cell-killing capacity. IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious acute vesicular disease in domestic livestock and wildlife species. African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are the primary carrier hosts of FMDV in African savannah ecosystems, where the disease is endemic. We have shown that the virus persists for up to 400 days in buffaloes and that there is competition between viruses during mixed infections. There was similar competition in cell culture: viruses that killed cells quickly persisted more efficiently in passaged cell cultures. These results may provide a mechanism for the dominance of particular viruses in an ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in African Buffalo Is Related to Virus Virulence

Maree

Klerk-Lorist²,

Gubbins

et al. 2016

J Virol

103

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“…The field samples in mPCR, produced a single band of Asia1 serotype of FMDV. Woodbury et al (1994) analyzed field specimen (Sau 8/88) from Saudi Arabia and reported that O serotype was dominant followed by Asia 1 to some extent. The results were different from present study due to varied geographical distribution of different serotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Optimization of Multiplex PCR for the Identification of A, O and Asia-1 Serotypes of FMDV in Pakistan

Muhammad¹

2014

J. Inf. Mol. Biol.

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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is highly contagious viral infection of cloven footed animals caused by Aphthovirus of family picornaviridae. Genome of virus is single stranded positive sense RNA. Experiment was conducted to optimize multiplex PCR (mPCR) for rapid detection of circulating serotypes of FMD virus in Pakistan. The serotype-specific primers were selected from VP1 region of FMDV genome responsible for antigenic diversity of the virus. After RNA extraction cDNA was synthesized followed by PCR reaction with serotype specific primers. In multiplex PCR (mPCR) serotype specific primers amplified products of 386, 232 and 240 base pair (bp) for A, O and Asia1 serotypes of FMDV respectively at 56.5 0 C annealing temperature. Sensitivity of multiplex PCR was tested at different concentrations (1.5 μl, 2 μl and 3 μl) of template DNA. It was found to be highly sensitive at 3 μl concentration of template DNA. On 20 suspected FMD clinical samples, mPCR showed that it belongs to Asia1 serotypes. The test was found to be very specific for FMDV and exhibited no cross reactivity with peste de petits ruminants virus (PPRV). Multiplex PCR have shown 100% sensitivity on field samples. The test is sensitive and specific and can be used for serotyping of FMDV.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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“…The occurrence of dual infections in the field involving strains of FMD virus serotype Asia I alongside strains of serotype 0 in Saudi Arabia has been recently reported [97]. Studies showed that the viruses persisted together in a stable manner within the country for several years, and that although the 0 serotype was always dominant, Asia I was never completely eliminated.…”

Section: Persistent Mixed Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review of the possible mechanisms for the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Woodbury¹

1995

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was the first animal disease to be attributed to a virus, and the second virus to be discovered [1]. It is a positive-sense, singlestranded RNA picornavirus and the sole member of the genus Aphthovirus. Each infectious virus particle contains a single strand of RNA approximately 8-5 kb long. This is translated into a single polypeptide which is then cleaved into the structural and non-structural virus proteins.

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Analysis of mixed foot–and–mouth disease virus infections in Saudi Arabia: prolonged circulation of an exotic serotype

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Differential Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in African Buffalo Is Related to Virus Virulence

Differential Persistence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in African Buffalo Is Related to Virus Virulence

Development and Optimization of Multiplex PCR for the Identification of A, O and Asia-1 Serotypes of FMDV in Pakistan

A review of the possible mechanisms for the persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus

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