Analysis of microcystin-LR and nodularin using triple quad liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and histopathology in experimental fish

Vudathala, Daljit; Smith, Stephen; Khoo, Lester H.; Kuhn, David D.; Mainous, Mary E.; Steadman, James; Murphy, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.08.005

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…More common in the studies reviewed is the use of an external matrix-matched calibration. Greer et al [77], for example, chose to spike the matrix with MMPB after the pH adjustment step, while other studies preferred to use an in situ (here in the sense of calibration curve prepared in the matrix) matrix-matched calibration curve of MC-LR-fortified samples that subsequently went through the oxidation process to generate an MMPB matrix-matched calibration curve [60,71,86,93,94]. Finally, one study used the standard addition approach, consisting of spiking the analyzed samples at three MC-LR levels prior to oxidation, to quantify the MMPB in the liver samples [78].…”

Section: Quantification Strategy (Internal Vs External Calibration)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Total-Forms of Cyanotoxins Microcystins in Biological Matrices: A Methodological Review

Bouteiller

Lance

Guérin

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Microcystins (MCs) are cyclic heptapeptidic toxins produced by many cyanobacteria. Microcystins can be accumulated in various matrices in two forms: a free cellular fraction and a covalently protein-bound form. To detect and quantify the concentration of microcystins, a panel of techniques on various matrices (water, sediments, and animal tissues) is available. The analysis of MCs can concern the free or the total (free plus covalently bound) fractions. Free-form analyses of MCs are the most common and easiest to detect, whereas total-form analyses are much less frequent and more complex to achieve. The objective of this review is to summarize the different methods of extraction and analysis that have been developed for total forms. Four extraction methods were identified: MMPB (2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutyric acid) method, deconjugation at basic pH, ozonolysis, and laser irradiation desorption. The study of the bibliography on the methods of extraction and analysis of the total forms of MCs showed that the reference method for the subject remains the MMPB method even if alternative methods and, in particular, deconjugation at basic pH, showed results encouraging the continuation of the methodological development on different matrices and on naturally-contaminated samples.

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Section: Quantification Strategy (Internal Vs External Calibration)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Total-Forms of Cyanotoxins Microcystins in Biological Matrices: A Methodological Review

Bouteiller

Lance

Guérin

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…However, the low sensitivity and specificity make it difficult to meet the detection requirements specified in the national standard, while the use of chemical standards and organic spreaders may not only cause harm to the health of the operator but also put pressure on environmental preservation. The instrumental analysis based on the physical or physicochemical properties for qualitative or quantitative detection mainly includes gas chromatography (GC) (Wu & Smith, 2007), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Smith et al., 2017), chromatography–mass spectrometry (Hidalgo‐Ruiz et al., 2019; Vudathala et al., 2017), atomic absorption spectrometry (Li et al., 2016), X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (Kocot et al., 2022), and so on. However, instrumental analysis usually requires sophisticated and expensive instruments, skilled operators, cumbersome pretreatment processes, and the generation of inevitable matrix effects that consume a great deal of time, labor, and cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in immunoassay‐based strategies for mycotoxin detection in food: From single‐mode immunosensors to dual‐mode immunosensors

Chen

Qileng

Liang

et al. 2023

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Mycotoxin contamination in foods and other goods has become a broad issue owing to serious toxicity, tremendous threat to public safety, and terrible loss of resources. Herein, it is necessary to develop simple, sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid platforms for the detection of mycotoxins. Currently, the limitation of instrumental and chemical methods cannot be massively applied in practice. Immunoassays are considered one of the best candidates for toxin detection due to their simplicity, rapidness, and cost‐effectiveness. Especially, the field of dual‐mode immunosensors and corresponding assays is rapidly developing as an advanced and intersected technology. So, this review summarized the types and detection principles of single‐mode immunosensors including optical and electrical immunosensors in recent years, then focused on developing dual‐mode immunosensors including integrated immunosensors and combined immunosensors to detect mycotoxins, as well as the combination of dual‐mode immunosensors with a portable device for point‐of‐care test. The remaining challenges were discussed with the aim of stimulating future development of dual‐mode immunosensors to accelerate the transformation of scientific laboratory technologies into easy‐to‐operate and rapid detection platforms.

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“…Microcystin-producing cyanobacteria have been detected by different techniques such as LCMS (Vudathala et al 2017), aptamer-based immunoassay (Xiang et al 2014), ELISA (Preece et al 2015), and cellular biosensors (Mankiewicz-Boczek et al 2015). Even though ELISA is one of the essential diagnostic methods, it is unsuitable for screening environmental water samples and it is more expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in water samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting mcyB gene

et al. 2018

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Microcystin toxin-producing cyanobacteria are known to have harmful effects on humans and animals. We have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based detection method by targeting the microcystin synthetase B gene (), the gene responsible for the production of microcystin. The sensitivity of the method was found to be 1 fg per reaction, and it was 1000-fold higher than the conventional PCR. The LAMP method was able to amplify the target gene with a minimum amount of dNTP (0.4 mM), which further reduces the cost of reaction. The improved LAMP assay could detect the presence of the toxin-producing cyanobacteria in water samples within 2 h of time, which demonstrates the rapidness of the method. Freshwater samples were screened using the developed LAMP, and seven water samples collected from lakes and a bird sanctuary tested positive for gene harboring cyanobacteria, and negative in all other drinking waters. Hence, the developed LAMP could be a possible alternative to the existing molecular methods for screening for microcystin in environmental samples with greater sensitivity.

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Analysis of microcystin-LR and nodularin using triple quad liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and histopathology in experimental fish

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Analysis of Total-Forms of Cyanotoxins Microcystins in Biological Matrices: A Methodological Review

Analysis of Total-Forms of Cyanotoxins Microcystins in Biological Matrices: A Methodological Review

Advances in immunoassay‐based strategies for mycotoxin detection in food: From single‐mode immunosensors to dual‐mode immunosensors

Detection of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in water samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting mcyB gene

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