Analysis of Mechanical and Metabolic Factors in the Gait of Congenital Below Knee Amputees

Colborne, GR; Naumann, Stephen; Longmuir, PE; Berbrayer, David

doi:10.1097/00002060-199210000-00004

Cited by 106 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Results would possibly differ when prosthetic systems are used that also incorporate flexible shank regions, such as those found in the Flex-Foot (Össur; Reykjavik, Iceland). However, as mentioned earlier, several studies have still found no difference in energy expenditure when the Flex-Foot is used compared with the SACH foot [4][5][6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Energy cost and expenditure also correlate with level of amputation [2] and residual limb length [3] and have more recently been used in attempts to quantify differences between prosthetic feet within a population of prosthesis users. Three previous investigations on unilateral transtibial prosthesis users reported reduced energy expenditure with the use of energy storage and return (ESAR) prostheses compared with the solid-ankle cushioned heel (SACH) foot [4][5][6]. Seven other reports found no difference in energy expenditure with the use of the SACH and ESAR feet in persons with unilateral transtibial amputation [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of prosthetic foot forefoot flexibility on oxygen cost and subjective preference rankings of unilateral transtibial prosthesis users

Klodd

Hansen²,

Fatone

et al. 2010

JRRD

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Abstract-The investigators conducted a double-blind randomized crossover study to determine the effects of prosthetic foot forefoot flexibility on oxygen cost and subjective preference rankings of 13 unilateral transtibial prosthesis users. Five experimental feet were fabricated for use in the study: F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5. F1 was most flexible, F5 was least flexible, and F3 was designed to conform to a biomimetic ankle-foot rollover shape. The experimental feet were modeled after the Shape&Roll prosthetic foot (originally produced by Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; now in public domain) but had different numbers of saw cuts within the forefoot members, allowing more or less flexibility during walking. Participants walked at the same comfortable, freely selected speed on the treadmill for 7 min with each foot while energy expenditure was measured. No significant difference was found in oxygen cost (mL O 2 /kg/m) between the different feet (p = 0.17), and the order of use was also not significant (p = 0.94). However, the preference ranking was significantly affected by the flexibility of the feet (p = 0.002), with the most flexible foot (F1) ranking significantly poorer than feet F3 (p = 0.003) and F4 (p = 0.004). Users may prefer prosthetic feet that match the flexibility of an intact ankle-foot system, even though we did not detect an energetic benefit at freely selected speeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prosthetic foot forefoot flexibility on oxygen cost and subjective preference rankings of unilateral transtibial prosthesis users

Klodd

Hansen²,

Fatone

et al. 2010

JRRD

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show abstract

“…An understanding of the biomechanics of amputee jumping and the identification of the compensatory mechanisms employed by amputees to achieve controlled flight is justified. Further, research into the design of prostheses is appropriate, in order to enhance their use in activities which are more vigorous and involve larger forces than walking and running, which have been well researched (Winter and Sienko 1988;Colborne et al 1992). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biomechanics of one-footed vertical jump performance in unilateral trans-tibial amputees

Strike

Diss²

2005

Prosthetics &Amp; Orthotics International

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This study investigated vertical jumps from single support for two trans-tibial amputees from a standing position. The mechanisms used to achieve flight and the compensatory mechanisms used in the production of force in the absence of plantarflexors are detailed. Two participants completed countermovement maximum vertical jumps from the prosthetic and the sound limbs. The jumps were recorded by a 7-camera 512 VICON motion analysis system integrated with a Kistler forceplate. Flight height was 5 cm jumping from the prosthetic side and 18 -19 cm from the sound side. The countermovement was shallower and its duration was less on the prosthetic side compared to the sound side. The reduced and passive range of motion at the prosthesis resulted in an asymmetrical countermovement for both participants with the knee and ankle joints most affected. The duration of the push-off phase was not consistently affected. At take-off the joints on the sound side reached close to full extension while on the prosthetic side they remained more flexed. Joint extension velocity in the push-off phase was similar for both participants on the sound side, though the timing for participant 2 illustrated earlier peaks. The pattern of joint extension velocity was not a smooth proximal to distal sequence on the prosthetic side. The magnitude and timing of the inter-segment extensor moments were asymmetrical for both subjects. The power pattern was asymmetrical in both the countermovement and push-off phases; the lack of power generation at the ankle affected that produced at the remaining joints.

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“…This study evaluates the differences in energy cost among prosthetic feet and the differ ences in energy cost between the vascular and trau matic groups. [21][22][23][24] The purpose of this study is to scientifically measure the dynamic gait characteristics of the ampu tee by using motion analysis and to measure the energy cost for the below-knee amputee when wearing the SACH, single axis and multiple axis prosthetic feet. The analysis will separate the subjects into the vascu lar group and the traumatic group for more specific evaluation of activity level by type of amputation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics Properties and Energy Cost of Below-Knee Amputees

Huang

Chou

et al. 2001

Biomed. Eng. Appl. Basis Commun.

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This study scientifically measures the dynamic gait characteristics and energy cost of six male below-knee amputees, three vascular and three traumatic, while wearing SACH, single axis and mul-■ tiple axis prosthetic feet via six-camera motion analysis, metabolic measurement cart and heavy-duty treadmill. Subjective results are additionally determined via questionnaire after testing. Motion analysis showed statistically significant differences at p<0.05 between the solid ankle cushion heel (SACH), single axis and multiple axis fool in the velocity, cadence, striae length and gait cycle. Significant differences were found in energy cost among die prosthetic feet tested, and significant changes in walking under different speeds and different inclines. Results provide quantitative and qualitative information about the dynamic performance of the various feet which can he helpful in prescribing the optimal prosthetic foot for individual amputees.Biomed Eng Appl Basis Comm, 2001 (April); 13: W-107.

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Analysis of Mechanical and Metabolic Factors in the Gait of Congenital Below Knee Amputees

Cited by 106 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of prosthetic foot forefoot flexibility on oxygen cost and subjective preference rankings of unilateral transtibial prosthesis users

Effects of prosthetic foot forefoot flexibility on oxygen cost and subjective preference rankings of unilateral transtibial prosthesis users

The biomechanics of one-footed vertical jump performance in unilateral trans-tibial amputees

Kinematics Properties and Energy Cost of Below-Knee Amputees

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