Analysis of Lipid Composition of Isolated Human Sebaceous Gland Homogenates After Incubation with Cutaneous Bacteria. Thin-Layer Chromatography

Puhvel, S. Madli; Reisner, Ronald M.; Sakamoto, Midori

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12512337

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The observation of mass spectra from skin volatiles dominated by lactic and fatty acids is consistent with previous studies by GC-MS [29]. In particular, fatty acids beyond C12 are efficiently collected by solvent The structure is known to a reasonable degree of certainty, based on its exact mass and MS/MS spectrum interpretation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

On-line detection of human skin vapors

Martínez-Lozano

Mora

2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vapors released by the skin in the hand of one human subject are detected in real time by sampling them directly from the ambient gas surrounding the hand, ionizing them by secondary electrospray ionization (SESI, via contact with the charged cloud from an electrospray source), and analyzing them in a mass spectrometer with an atmospheric pressure source (API-MS). This gas-phase approach is complementary to alternative on-line surface ionization methods such as DESI and DART. A dominating peak of lactic acid and a complete series of saturated and singly unsaturated fatty acids (C 12 to C 18 ) are observed, in accordance with previous off-line studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several other metabolites have been identified, including ketomonocarboxylic and hydroxymonocarboxylic acids. -5]. Until the recent development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) [6] and its variant extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) [7], such studies were dominated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [3, 4, 8 -10], which requires sample collection and preconcentration, and is time consuming. Selected ion flow tubemass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) [11] has provided realtime information on skin emanations for relatively volatile species such as acetone [12]. Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) claims parts-pertrillion (ppt) sensitivities [13] and has permitted on-line monitoring of UV-induced lipid peroxidation products from human skin and its dependence on the fatty acid composition of the skin [14]. The rich new possibilities for on-line analysis of surfaces brought about by DESI and EESI have been used to continuously monitor the release of caffeine from the skin of a person before and after drinking coffee [15], or of DESI ions from intact bacteria [16]. The present study will continue these promising ES-based approaches relying on an ionization mechanism referred to as secondary ESI (SESI) [17][18][19][20][21], where gas is sampled from the ambient and mixed with the charged cloud of an electrospray of clean solvent. Polar volatile species are then ionized, either directly by the charged electrosprayed drops or by the small ions released after drop evaporation. Therefore, SESI ionizes vapor species and suspended particles [18] directly in the gas phase [22], being complementary with other surface ionization methods such as DESI or direct analysis in real time (DART) [23], which actively desorb charged species from surfaces.We shall see here that hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids are released directly from the skin as vapors, without the need for an active desorption.We have recently used real-time SESI to sense explosive vapors [24] and breath volatiles [22,25], with lower detection limits approaching 0.2 ppt [24]. In negative ionization of breath [25] and urine [26], we accidentally observed a rich group of skin vapors, primarily organic acids. This interesting finding motivates the present study on negative SESI of skin vapors.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

On-line detection of human skin vapors

Martínez-Lozano

Mora

2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Enzymatic generation of free fatty acids from phospholipids 36 and cis-urocanic generation by degradation of histidine 37 are two of the most important endogenous mechanisms involved. Exogenous mechanisms such as lactate production in sweat glands 38 and microbial hydrolysis of sebaceous triglycerides 39 also may play a role in skin surface acidification.…”

Section: Skin Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications

Oranges

Dini

Romanelli

2015

Advances in Wound Care

154

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significance:The skin is a complex and dynamic organ that performs several vital functions. The maturation process of the skin starts at birth with the adaption of the skin to the comparatively dry environment compared to the in utero milieu. This adaptive flexibility results in the unique properties of infant skin. To deliver appropriate care to infant skin, it is necessary to understand that it is evolving with unique characteristics. Recent Advances: The role of biophysical noninvasive techniques in the assessment of skin development underlines the importance of an objective evaluation of skin physiology parameters. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, and pH values are measurable with specific instruments that give us an accurate and reproducible assessment during infant skin maturation. The recording of these values, following standard measurement procedures, allows us to evaluate the integrity of the skin barrier and to monitor the functionality of the maturing skin over time. Critical Issues: During the barrier development, impaired skin function makes the skin vulnerable to chemical damage, microbial infections, and skin diseases, possibly compromising the general health of the infant. Preterm newborns, during the first weeks of life, have an even less developed skin barrier and, therefore, are even more at risk. Thus, it is extremely important to evaluate the risk of infection, skin breakdown, topical agent absorption, and the risk of thermoregulation failure. Future Directions: Detailed and objective evaluations of infant skin maturation are necessary to improve infant skin care. The results of these evaluations should be formed into general protocols that will allow doctors and caregivers to give more personalized care to full-term newborns, preterm newborns, and infants. SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCEThe skin of preterm newborns, full-term newborns, and infants undergoes a characteristic process of maturation, and therefore, skin care delivered to this spectrum of patients needs to be tailored to the individual patient. The principal aims of safe and effective skin care are to identify the agents that can influence the skin barrier or those that can induce systemic toxicity and avoid their utilization, thereby minimizing the risk of thermoregulation failure, which will protect newborns against potential skin breakdown and loss of its barrier function. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCEMany studies have correlated functional infant skin parameters according to age, anatomical site, and the presence of skin or systemic disease. It would be useful to study how these functional parameters change in newborns after the onset of skin infection, skin breakdown, or the application of topical agents. The results of these evaluations could be formed into general protocols, which will allow doctors and wound care providers the ability to give more personalized care to full-term newborns, preterm newborns, and infants. CLINICAL RELEVANCEUnderstanding the characteristics of newborn and infant skin will permit the delivery of a...

show abstract

“…Behrendt and Green 27 found no significant differences between in skin pH in contralateral sites for vernix versus a water wipe (n ¼ 4) and suggested that the vernix layer (measured pH or 7.4) influenced skin acidification, as did maceration and desquamation. Puhvel et al 28 reported the hydrolysis of the triglycerides in sebum to fatty acids by skin surface bacteria. The triglycerides in vernix could be a source of acidic fatty acids at the skin surface, provided that conditions for hydrolysis are present.…”

Section: Skin Surface Adaptation and Acid Mantle Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernix Caseosa in Neonatal Adaptation

Visscher¹,

Narendran²,

Pickens³

et al. 2005

J Perinatol

134

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVES:To characterize vernix caseosa in newborn infants with respect to factors that influence vernix distribution on the skin surface, vernix effects on thermal stability, skin hydration, acid mantle development, and vernix antioxidant properties. STUDY DESIGN:Vernix distribution was determined for 430 infants. Thermal stability was assessed in parallel groups following vernix retention (n ¼ 66) and removal (n ¼ 64). The effects of vernix retention on skin hydration, pH, erythema, and dryness/scaling were determined. Samples were analyzed for vitamin E before and after UV exposure. RESULTS:Vernix distribution depended upon gestational age, delivery mode, gender, race, and meconium exposure. Retention had no effect on axillary temperatures. Skin hydration was significantly higher for vernix-retained skin. Skin pH and erythema were significantly lower with retention. Vitamin E levels were decreased by ultraviolet radiation. CONCLUSIONS:Vernix is a naturally occurring barrier cream with multiple salubrious effects, which support its retention on the skin surface at birth.

show abstract

Analysis of Lipid Composition of Isolated Human Sebaceous Gland Homogenates After Incubation with Cutaneous Bacteria. Thin-Layer Chromatography

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

On-line detection of human skin vapors

On-line detection of human skin vapors

Skin Physiology of the Neonate and Infant: Clinical Implications

Vernix Caseosa in Neonatal Adaptation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About