Analysis of Key Distinct Biological Characteristics of Human Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Individual Heterogeneity Attributing to Donors

Abstract

For potential clinical applications in the future, we investigated the distinct biological features of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from different origin areas of human placenta and individual heterogeneity among different donors. Chorionic plate MSCs (CP-MSCs), amniotic membrane MSCs (AM-MSCs), and decidual plate MSCs (DP-MSCs) were isolated from 5 human placentae and were analyzed in terms of main features of MSCs including surface marker profile, growth, differentiation potential, immune regulation capability, and tubulin acetylation (Ac-tubulin). The expression profile of surface markers in the 3 types of MSCs derived from the 5 donors was relatively stable. Heterogeneity was found in growth, differentiation potential, and immune regulation among MSCs according to the different areas of isolation and different donors. CP-MSCs and AM-MSCs derived from the placentae of donors 1–3 had a higher osteogenic differentiation potential than the corresponding DP-MSCs, but those derived from the placentae of donors 4 and 5 had a markedly lower osteogenic differentiation potential than DP-MSCs. All CP-MSCs derived from donors 1–3 had the highest adipogenic differentiation potential, but CP-MSCs derived from donors 4 and 5 did not show strong capability of adipogenic differentiation. CP-MSCs markedly inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced by phytohemagglutinin, whereas AM- and DP-MSCs did not. All MSCs decreased the proportion of CD3+/CD8–/IFN-γ+ Th1 and CD3+/CD8–/IL17+ Th17 cells, but increased the proportion of Treg cells in PBMCs, with individual differences among the 5 donors. DP-MSCs from donors 1 and 2 had higher levels of Ac-tubulin compared with CP- and AM-MSCs. However, the levels of Ac-tubulin in AM-MSCs from donors 3 and 5 were higher than those of the other 2 types of MSCs. Our results revealed that there was tissue-specific heterogeneity among the 3 types of MSCs from different origin tissues of placenta and individual heterogeneity among donors. In future, the pre-selected placenta-derived MSCs with specific biological advantages may improve the curative effect of cell therapy in different situations.

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human and Animal Perinatal Tissues—Origins, Characteristics, Signaling Pathways, and Clinical Trials

“…They discovered only a moderate heterogeneity in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials in samples obtained from different placental regions in enrolled individuals. Similar heterogeneity was observed in the tubulin acetylation measured in different samples [ 216 ]. Moreover, they discovered that only the chorionic plate MSCs could decrease the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) triggered by the phytohemagglutinin.…”

“…Moreover, they discovered that only the chorionic plate MSCs could decrease the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) triggered by the phytohemagglutinin. All cell lineages decreased the proportions of CD3+/CD8-/IFN-γ+ Th1 and CD3+/CD8-/IL17+ Th17 cells and elevated the proportion of Treg in PBMCs [ 216 ]. Placenta-derived MSCs regulate trophoblast functioning by promoting increased cell survival and protecting mitochondria from the effects of oxidative stress and, as a result, facilitate trophoblast invasion in humans [ 217 , 218 ].…”

Application of mesenchymal stem cells for anti-senescence and clinical challenges

“…Even of MSCs are obtained from the same individual but at the different sampling location, the properties of the obtained MSCs may be different. A meaningful study confirmed it in 2021 [ 255 ]. In this work, they conducted a number of experiments to investigate the different biological characteristics and heterogeneity among different donors of chorionic plate mesenchymal stem cells (CP-MSCs), AMSCs, and decidual plate mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) isolated from human placenta.…”

Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for COVID-19

“… 107 In addition, MSCs derived from different donors and tissues lead to individual heterogeneity, which complicates the progress of consistent and standardized stem cell production. 108 , 109 Therefore, it is necessary to screen qualified MSCs to avoid uncertain effects.…”