Analysis of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism Profile After Probiotics and GLP-1 Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of diabetes patients, and the incidence of diabetes is on the rise as people’s lifestyles change. Compared with GLP-1 treatment, probiotic treatment can directly regulate homeostasis of the host gut microbe, and thus homeostasis of its metabolites. Currently, the regulatory role of probiotics on intestinal metabolites after treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of probiotics on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its regulatory effect on short-chain fatty acids, which are metabolites of intestinal microorganisms. I collected feces from 15 patients with diabetes before treatment and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes after treatment with GLP-1 and probiotics. The abundance of short-chain fatty acids in feces was determined by GC-MS. Results Both GLP-1 and probiotics could improve the levels of blood glucose, urine glucose and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes. After glP-1 treatment, two short-chain fatty acids (butyric acid and valerate acid) in intestine were significantly changed. Propionic acid and isovalerate were significantly changed after probiotic treatment. At the same time, KEGG signal pathway enrichment results showed that probiotics intervention mainly achieved the purpose of treating type 2 diabetes through regulating protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Taken together, our study shows changes in intestinal short-chain fatty acids after probiotics or GLP-1 treatment of type 2 diabetes, which will provide us with new insights into the mechanism of probiotics treatment of type 2 diabetes, as well as potential intervention targets for diabetes treatment.

The Role of Indigestible Oligosaccharides in Alleviating Human Chronic Diseases by Regulating Gut Microbiota: A Review

“…Neurotransmitters known to be affected by gut microbiota include SCFAs [144], γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [145], tryptophan (Trp) [146], and serotonin (5-HT) [147]. For example, valeric acid can alleviate intestinal injury, protect neurons, and regulate neurotransmitters [148]. And the increase of butyrate may directly affect the central nervous system [149][150][151].…”

Latilactobacillus sakei QC9 alleviates hyperglycaemia in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus mice via the microbiota–gut–liver axis

“…14,55 Valeric acid, as a differential metabolite, Food & Function Paper also can reduce intestinal damage. 88 There are few studies on isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in T2DM. However, our results demonstrate that these two, like several other SCFAs, exert antioxidant effects and are positively correlated with restored glucose tolerance (Fig.…”

Efficacy of Probiotic Strains Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 and Lactobacillus plantarum Probio-093 in Management of Obesity: An In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis

“…The most cited probiotic types are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, with Lactobacillus having positive effects on the body mass index, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and host immunity [ 31 ]. Recent studies have also demonstrated that probiotics can convert compounded complex dietary polysaccharides into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are vital for strengthening metabolic disturbances and metabolic syndrome-associated disorders [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. These SCFAs act at various levels to decrease inflammatory conditions, reduce insulin resistance, improve insulin discharge and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) excretion, and enhance β-cell function [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”