Analysis of Household Leisure and Shopping Behavior in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

Abstract

Understanding household leisure and shopping behavior is an important component of market research, shop location decisions, travel behavior, and consumer behavior studies. This paper estimates a gravity model of travel behaviors related to leisure and shopping trips in the Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, based on a 1998 survey data set by Poisson regression. The overall results indicate that GDP per capita of cities of origin and of destination, population, train stations, and store area of the destination city affect trip flow positively. Intercity distance, store areas in the city of origin, and higher density in the city of origin negatively affect trip flow. Different variables distinctly affect the shopping behavior for different commodities.

Designing a Tourism Spillover Index Based on Multidestination Travel

“…In past literature, major pull factors related to origin attributes include population and income (Marrocu and Paci 2013), whereas important push factors on the destination side consist of income, price, infrastructure, and attraction endowment (Fourie and Santana-Gallego 2011; Khadaroo and Seetanah 2008). The specification of destination attractiveness is vital for SIM applications, and in previous studies, researchers introduced many measures of tourist attraction endowment, such as overall attraction level (Gabe, Lynch, and McConnon 2006), ethnic attraction level (Kliman 1981), shopping opportunity (Tiwari, Doi, and Kawakami 2006), climatic condition (Saayman and Saayman 2008), and coastline length (Eugenio-Martín, Martín-Morales, and Sinclair 2008). Lastly, in SIM applications, beyond geographic distance between origin and destination countries, common spatial separation measures include time distance, linguistic distance (Khadaroo and Seetanah 2008), political distance (Fourie and Santana-Gallego 2011), and cultural distance (Yang and Wong 2012a).…”