Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia

Oroz, Maja; Begovać, Josip; Planinić, Ana; Rokić, Filip; Lunar, Maja M.; Zorec, Tomaž Mark; Belužić, Robert; Korać, Petra; Poljak, Mario; Lepej, Snježana Židovec

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53520-8

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In Greece, a slightly lower prevalence of SDRMs (5.9%) was also recorded during the preceding period 2003-2015, although the overall prevalence of resistance was stable across the two periods: 22.2% in 2003and 22.1% in 2016(Paraskevis et al, 2017. Likewise, the overall TDR prevalence is similar, albeit somewhat higher, when compared to that reported in previous studies in Germany (17.2%) during the period 1996-2017 and Croatia (16.4%) during the period 2014-2017 (Machnowska et al, 2019;Oroz et al, 2019). Moreover, although the overall percentage of TDR was stable over the years in the present study, it changed on a yearly basis (lower in 2016, increased in 2017, and returned to the previous level in 2019), potentially due to the change in NNRTI-related TDR (Wensing et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Transmitted drug resistance among HIV-1 drug-naïve patients in Greece

Καντζάνου

Karalexi

Papachristou

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Objectives: Despite the success of antiretroviral treatment (ART), the persisting transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and HIV genetic heterogeneity affect the efficacy of treatment. This study explored the prevalence of TDR among ART-naïve HIV patients in Greece during the period 2016-2019. Methods: Genotypic resistance testing was available for 438 ART-naïve HIV patients. Multivariable Poisson regression models were fitted. Results: The majority of patients were male, and there was a slight predominance of Hellenic (26.5%) over non-Hellenic (21.9%) nationality. The prevalence of TDR was 7.8%. There was a predominance of mutations for non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (5.7%) over nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitors (0.2%). No mutations to protease inhibitors were detected. The prevalence of resistance was 22.1% based on all mutations identified through the HIVdb interpretation system. The most frequent resistance sites were E138A (9.6%), K103N (6.4%), and K101E (2.1%). The majority of detected mutations were confined to subtype A (52.6%), followed by B (19.6%). Non-Hellenic nationality was significantly associated with an increased risk of TDR (relative risk 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.69). Conclusions: Non-B HIV infections predominate in Greece, with an increasing trend in recent years. The prevalence of TDR remains stable. Ongoing surveillance of resistance testing is needed to secure the longterm success of ART.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Transmitted drug resistance among HIV-1 drug-naïve patients in Greece

Καντζάνου

Karalexi

Papachristou

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Between 2006 and 2007, the European SPREAD programme revealed no resistance mutations to any of INIs, although potentially relevant polymorphisms could be observed before the introduction of integrase inhibitors [15]. A possible outcome of increasing role of INIs in ART worldwide is, however, the emergence of primary integrase resistance mutations among untreated patients as observed in our study and in different European countries [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Prevalence of resistance mutations associated with integrase inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-positive patients in Hungary

Ay¹,

Pocskay²,

Lakatos

et al. 2021

AMicr

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Widespread introduction of HIV integrase inhibitors into clinical care may result in appearance of drug resistance mutations affecting treatment outcome. The aim of our study was to monitor the resistance patterns of integrase inhibitors beside protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors in newly diagnosed therapy-naive HIV-positive patients in Hungary between 2017 and 2019.Genotype-based resistance testing of HIV integrase, protease and reverse transcriptase was performed by amplification and Sanger population sequencing from plasma samples. Drug resistance mutations were identified by the algorithm of Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.Potentially transmitted, non-polymorphic integrase major mutation was detected in 1 out of 249 samples, while accessory mutations were observed in further 31 patients (12.4%). The overall prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutations related to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors was 5.8% (10/173) between the end of 2017 and 2019. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor associated resistance mutations were the most frequent indicators of TDR (6/173; 3.5%), followed by resistance mutations associated with protease (3/173; 1.7%) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2/173, 1.2%).The first detection of integrase major mutation and the changing patterns of other resistance mutations in Hungarian untreated HIV-positive population indicate the necessity of continuous molecular surveillance of Hungarian HIV epidemic.

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“…Comparatively, higher prevalence of TDR was found in Eastern European countries. In Croatia, despite being a country with a low prevalence of HIV-1 infection (<0.04%) was reported a prevalence of 16.4% for TDR, with a predominant epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) [31]. Other regional countries reported substantially lower TDR prevalence, such as Slovenia (2.4%), Bulgaria (5.2%) and Greece (6.0%), while in Serbia (8.8%), Romania (14.8%), and Hungary (17%) TDR prevalence is higher than Russian setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary HIV drug resistance among newly HIV type-1 diagnosed patients in St. Petersburg

Ингабире¹,

Семенов²,

Эсауленко³

et al. 2021

VIČ-infekc. immunosupr.

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There is concern that the widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to treat human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection may result in the emergence of transmission of drug-resistant virus among persons newly infected with HIV-1. Russia is one of a growing number of countries in the world where drug-resistant HIV is becoming a serious health problem because it has the potential to compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the population level.Materials and methods. We performed a genetic analysis of the HIV-1 plasma derived pol gene among the newly diagnosed ART-naïve HIV-1 infected patients during the period from November 2018 to October 2019 in the St. Petersburg Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by direct sequencing of PCR products to determine the prevalence of primary drug resistance (PDR) conferring mutations. HIV-1 genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis.Results. The predominant HIV-1 subtype was A1 (87.2%), followed by B (11.8%) and CRF06_cpx (1%). The overall prevalence of PDR was 11%. Virus with known resistance-conferring mutations to any nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was found in 8 individuals, to any non NRTIs in 5 subjects, and to any protease inhibitors in 1 case. Multidrug-resistant virus was identified in 2 individuals (2%).Conclusion. The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in St. Petersburg, Russia is diverse. The emerging prevalence of PDR in ART-naïve patients demonstrates the significance of constant monitoring due to the challenges it presents towards treatment.

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Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

Transmitted drug resistance among HIV-1 drug-naïve patients in Greece

Transmitted drug resistance among HIV-1 drug-naïve patients in Greece

Prevalence of resistance mutations associated with integrase inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-positive patients in Hungary

Primary HIV drug resistance among newly HIV type-1 diagnosed patients in St. Petersburg

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