Analysis of historical selection in winter wheat

Yang, Chin Jian; Ladejobi, Olufunmilayo; Mott, Richard; Powell, W.; Mackay, Ian

doi:10.1007/s00122-022-04163-3

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The majority of cultivated wheat had consisted of landraces up until the 19th century, and wheat breeding efforts had only truly begun with the approach of the 20th century [36]. Although the subsequent selection of modern wheat had taken into account resistance to diseases or abiotic stresses, traits associated with quality and quantity of yield had remained at the forefront of breeding programs [37,38]. Moreover, the Green Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s [39,40], while crucial to global food security efforts, was also an extremely significant factor contributing to the narrowing of the genetic pool of crops [41,42].…”

Section: The Geographical and Temporal Trends Of Freezing Tolerance I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Freezing Tolerance and Winter Hardiness in Winter Wheat of Nordic Origin

Vaitkevičiūtė,

Chawade,

Lillemo

et al. 2023

Plants

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Climate change and global food security efforts are driving the need for adaptable crops in higher latitude temperate regions. To achieve this, traits linked with winter hardiness must be introduced in winter-type crops. Here, we evaluated the freezing tolerance (FT) of a panel of 160 winter wheat genotypes of Nordic origin under controlled conditions and compared the data with the winter hardiness of 74 of these genotypes from a total of five field trials at two locations in Norway. Germplasm with high FT was identified, and significant differences in FT were detected based on country of origin, release years, and culton type. FT measurements under controlled conditions significantly correlated with overwintering survival scores in the field (r ≤ 0.61) and were shown to be a reliable complementary high-throughput method for FT evaluation. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed five single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with FT under controlled conditions mapped to chromosomes 2A, 2B, 5A, 5B, and 7A. Field trials yielded 11 significant SNP markers located within or near genes, mapped to chromosomes 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, 6B, and 7D. Candidate genes identified in this study can be introduced into the breeding programs of winter wheat in the Nordic region.

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Section: The Geographical and Temporal Trends Of Freezing Tolerance I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Freezing Tolerance and Winter Hardiness in Winter Wheat of Nordic Origin

Vaitkevičiūtė,

Chawade,

Lillemo

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) breeding has succeeded in increasing both grain yield and grain protein concentration in recent decades [ 4 ]. In contrast, long-term wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has achieved incremental biomass yield gain, but at the loss of grain protein content over time [ 5 ]. Plant breeders therefore actively seek to achieve two sometimes opposing goals, maximization both food productivity and quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism

Kasemsap

Bloom

2022

Plants

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Wheat and rice produce nutritious grains that provide 32% of the protein in the human diet globally. Here, we examine how genetic modifications to improve assimilation of the inorganic nitrogen forms ammonium and nitrate into protein influence grain yield of these crops. Successful breeding for modified nitrogen metabolism has focused on genes that coordinate nitrogen and carbon metabolism, including those that regulate tillering, heading date, and ammonium assimilation. Gaps in our current understanding include (1) species differences among candidate genes in nitrogen metabolism pathways, (2) the extent to which relative abundance of these nitrogen forms across natural soil environments shape crop responses, and (3) natural variation and genetic architecture of nitrogen-mediated yield improvement. Despite extensive research on the genetics of nitrogen metabolism since the rise of synthetic fertilizers, only a few projects targeting nitrogen pathways have resulted in development of cultivars with higher yields. To continue improving grain yield and quality, breeding strategies need to focus concurrently on both carbon and nitrogen assimilation and consider manipulating genes with smaller effects or that underlie regulatory networks as well as genes directly associated with nitrogen metabolism.

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Balancing quality with quantity: A case study of UK bread wheat

Fradgley,

Gardner,

Kerton

et al. 2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementIncreasing crop productivity is often proposed as a key goal for meeting the food security demands of a growing global population. However, achieving high crop yields alone without meeting end‐use quality requirements is counter to this objective and can lead to negative environmental and sustainability issues. High yielding feed wheat crops in the United Kingdom are a typical example of this. The historical context of UK agricultural industrialisation, developments in plant breeding and wheat end‐use processing are examined. We then outline how employing innovations in plant breeding methods offer the potential to redress the balance between wheat quantity and quality.SummaryBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has historically been an important crop for many human civilisations. Today, variability in wheat supply and trade has a large influence on global economies and food security. The United Kingdom is an example of an industrialised country that achieves high wheat yields through intensive cropping systems and a favourable climate. However, only a minority of the wheat grain produced is of suitable end‐use quality for modern bread baking methods and most wheat produced is fed to livestock. A large agricultural land area and input use dedicated to producing grain for animal rather than human food has wide‐ranging negative impacts for environmental sustainability and domestic food production. Here we present an historical perspective of agricultural and economic changes that have resulted in UK production primarily focussing on wheat quantity over quality. Agricultural intensification, liberalisation of free trade in agricultural commodities, innovations in the milling and baking sector, developments in scientific understanding of genetics and plant breeding, and geopolitical changes have all played a role. We propose that wheat breeding plays a crucial role in influencing these issues and although wheat breeders in the United Kingdom have historically applied the most‐up‐to‐date scientific advances, recent advances in genomics tools and quantitative genetics present a unique opportunity for breeders to redress the balance between quantity and quality.

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Analysis of historical selection in winter wheat

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Freezing Tolerance and Winter Hardiness in Winter Wheat of Nordic Origin

Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Freezing Tolerance and Winter Hardiness in Winter Wheat of Nordic Origin

Breeding for Higher Yields of Wheat and Rice through Modifying Nitrogen Metabolism

Balancing quality with quantity: A case study of UK bread wheat

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