Analysis of Goal Line Technology from the Perspective of an Electromagnetic Field based Approach

Psiuk, Rafael; Seidl, Thomas; Strauss, W.; Bernhard, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.050

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The first is based on cameras installed in the stadium structure, making a decision according to the position of the ball related to the goal line based on the image of three different cameras (at least) at the same time [53]. The second technique is based on magnetic field sensors installed in the three goalposts, where the decision would be made based on the magnetic field change [54,55]. Both techniques process signals from sensors and transmit them to the referees by wireless encrypted communication [53].…”

Section: Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any variation in the magnetic field behind the goal line is detected and automatically confirms, or not, the passage of the ball [55]. …”

Section: Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of smart sensors and sensor fusion in ball sports goes beyond monitoring rules and objectives, also being applied in the physiological measurement of variables to evaluate the physical performance of each athlete [55]. …”

Section: Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensor Fusion and Smart Sensor in Sports and Biomedical Applications

Mendes

Vieira

Pires

et al. 2016

Sensors

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The following work presents an overview of smart sensors and sensor fusion targeted at biomedical applications and sports areas. In this work, the integration of these areas is demonstrated, promoting a reflection about techniques and applications to collect, quantify and qualify some physical variables associated with the human body. These techniques are presented in various biomedical and sports applications, which cover areas related to diagnostics, rehabilitation, physical monitoring, and the development of performance in athletes, among others. Although some applications are described in only one of two fields of study (biomedicine and sports), it is very likely that the same application fits in both, with small peculiarities or adaptations. To illustrate the contemporaneity of applications, an analysis of specialized papers published in the last six years has been made. In this context, the main characteristic of this review is to present the largest quantity of relevant examples of sensor fusion and smart sensors focusing on their utilization and proposals, without deeply addressing one specific system or technique, to the detriment of the others.

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Section: Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any variation in the magnetic field behind the goal line is detected and automatically confirms, or not, the passage of the ball [55]. …”

Section: Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensor Fusion and Smart Sensor in Sports and Biomedical Applications

Mendes

Vieira

Pires

et al. 2016

Sensors

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“…Furthermore the model we utilize is more sophisticated and takes the geometry of the current paths into account. The approach we present in this paper is based on the GoalRef technology (Psiuk et al, 2014), which is a magnetic-field-based goal detection system for professional football. The FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association)-certified technology measures the disturbance of an artificial magnetic field that occurs due to resonantly tuned coils built into the football.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive localization accuracy of a passive 3-D coil in an Industry 4.0 environment

Psiuk

Müller

Cichon

et al. 2019

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. In this paper a localization system of a passive 3-D coil is proposed and signal uncertainties due to the 3-D coil's arbitrary orientation are analyzed. The 3-D coil is excited by an alternating primary magnetic field. Geometrically distributed pick-up coils measure the 3-D coil's secondary field. By means of a simulated look-up table that assigns expected voltages from the pick-up coils to the positions of the 3-D coil, the position of the 3-D coil is deduced by a least-squares approach. A basic assumption is that the secondary field is invariant to the orientation of the 3-D coil. This allows a reduction of the computational effort for the look-up table generation and the table search during the localization phase since for each position the field distribution for only one orientation has to be calculated. However, the assumption of invariance to rotation is only valid for a dipole model. In this paper we investigate the localization error introduced by this assumption when using 3-D coils with a geometric extent in an inhomogeneous primary field. Optimized localization methods that decrease the statistical error are proposed. The theoretical results are verified with measurements conducted on a laboratory system.

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“…Within previous decade, new technologies such as Goal-Line, and Hawk-Eye systems has been widely used in various sports as a means of better judgment and analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . In volleyball competitions, the Video-Check system was used former than Hawk-Eye technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Line Judgement System: A Novel Technology in Vol-leyball Arbitration

Sarvestan

Khalafi

2019

IMS

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<p class="BodyText1">Within previous decade, sensitivity to arbitration systems in sports such as soccer, tennis and volleyball has been sharply increased and technicians turned to new technologies to fulfill the demands for a reliable judgement. The main purpose of this study was to address a new method in judgement of presence of ball in the volleyball field in the shortest possible time by manipulation of lines surrounded the field and the ball layer’s structure. A carbon semi- conducting fabric layer designed ball was thrown to the printed circuit board (PCB), which have replaced the surrounded field lines. The ball was thrown in six different angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 degrees and with 20 and 40 m.s-1 speed. As soon as the semiconducting ball hits the PCB lines, the LED, which embedded under the PCB, turns on and announce the presence of the ball in the field. In 20 m.s-1 speed, the PCB detected 97.1% of ball presence in the field per 1500 trials six angles. Almost similar, in 40 m.s-1 speed, the accuracy of PCB in hit detection was 97.6% per 1500 trails. Additionally, regardless of ball speed, the more perpendicular the ball hit the PCB line, the accurate detection was made. The smart line judgment system could be a reliable, efficient, and affordable technology that provide referees with an accurate decision and athletes with a faster game flow. </p>

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Analysis of Goal Line Technology from the Perspective of an Electromagnetic Field based Approach

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Sensor Fusion and Smart Sensor in Sports and Biomedical Applications

Sensor Fusion and Smart Sensor in Sports and Biomedical Applications

Inductive localization accuracy of a passive 3-D coil in an Industry 4.0 environment

Smart Line Judgement System: A Novel Technology in Vol-leyball Arbitration

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