Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Wild Strains and Cultivars Using Genomic SSR Markers inLentinula edodes

Abstract

In this study, the genetic diversity and the population structure of 77 wild strains and 23 cultivars of Lentinula edodes from Korea were analyzed using 20 genomic SSRs, and their genetic relationship was investigated. The tested strains of L. edodes were divided into three subgroups consisting of only wild strains, mainly wild strains and several cultivars, and mainly cultivars and several wild strains by distance-based analysis. Using model-based analysis, L. edodes strains were divided into two subpopulations; the first one consisting of only wild strains and the second one with mainly cultivars and several wild strains. Moreover, AMOVA analysis revealed that the genetic variation in the cultivars was higher than that in the wild strains. The expected and observed heterozygosity and values indicating the polymorphic information content of L. edodes cultivars from Korea were also higher than that of the wild strains. Based on these results, we presume that the cultivars in Korea have developed by using numerous strains from other countries. In conclusion, the usage of wild strains for the development of new cultivars could improve the adaptability of L. edodes to biotic and abiotic stress.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis among Germplasm of Agaricus bisporus by SSR Markers

“…Several studies have reported that the relationship between phylogenetic analysis and geographical distribution of the mushroom strains is not high. In the study of An et al analyzed to 26 A. bisporus strains using 170 genomic SSR markers, the stains were not geographical clustered [32] and L. edodes wild strains in Korea were not clustered by collected regions [22].…”

“…Previous studies investigated the genetic diversity and population structures of several edible mushrooms, including L. edodes [20][21][22], Flammulina velutipes [23][24][25], and Auricularia auricula-judae [26]. In A. bisporus, previous studies assessed genetic diversity and population structure using RFLP markers [27], RAPD markers [28,29], SSR markers [30][31][32], and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers [33,34].…”

Determination and Analysis of Hyper-Variable A Mating Types in Wild Strains of Lentinula edodes in Korea

“…However, it might not be the sole factor responsible for the prevalence of specific alleles in cultivars. Studies on wild and cultivated strains in Korea and China showed that the genetic diversity of cultivars is higher than that of wild strains in each country [ 27 , 28 ]. These data indicate that stable cultivars was developed by mating strains from different countries, and thus genetically distant, had been repeatably used for developing new varieties.…”

Japanese “nameko” mushrooms (<i>Pholiota microspora</i>) produced via sawdust-based cultivation exhibit severe genetic bottleneck associated with a single founder

“…It has been reported that the moderate genetic diversity level of wild P. microspora isolates collected from across Japan ( H e = 0.56) was equivalent to or lower than wild strains of other wood-decay mushroom species. For example, H e = 0.57 in Flammulina velutipes ( Liu, Feng, Li, Yan, & Yang, 2016 ); H e = 0.52 in Pleurotus ostreatus ( Li, Liu, Zhao, & Yang, 2019 ); and H e = 0.73 in L. edodes ( Lee, Moon, Ro, Chung, & Ryu, 2020 ). In this study, compared to these wild mushrooms, the sawdust-cultivated P. microspora strains in Japan were less genetically diverse ( H e = 0.16).…”

“…In this study, compared to these wild mushrooms, the sawdust-cultivated P. microspora strains in Japan were less genetically diverse ( H e = 0.16). Studies have also shown that the cultivars of the other mushroom species all had multiple domestication origins, i.e., H e = 0.36 in F. velutipes ( Liu et al, 2016 ); H e = 0.50 in P. ostreatus ( Li et al, 2019 ); and H e = 0.76 in L. edodes ( Lee et al, 2020 ). Thus, we propose that the natural populations of P. microspora can serve as a new genetic resource to develop effective strains for sawdust cultivation.…”