Analysis of Exploding Plasma Behavior in a Dipole Magnetic Field

Abstract

Apparatus and techniquesof the multiplex signal, digits are successively displayed. A full count of six ensures that each of the six digits will be read out once. Using inverters and a pair of quad NAND gates the clock output is enabled when the counter reads one and is disabled when it reads seven. In addition to the print control, when the counter reads seven the chart advance is enabled with a 180 ms pulse.The clock is unable to drive the printer directly. A set of transistors and CMOS inverters provide the necessary interface. In figure 2, the connections to one digit and one segment are shown. The effect of the digit enable output signal is to connect, by means of an inverter and a pair of transistors (one set for each digit), one end of each of the seven resistors of the seven segment array to the power supply. When a command signal to print is received, the output enable is allowed to float and ssgment output signals appear simultaneously with the digit enable output signals. The switching action initiated by the segment output signals completes the circuit for those resistor segments specified, by providing a path to ground. In all, 19 transistors are required. The p-n-p transistors must be capable of passing 1 amp, the approximate current when all seven segments are conducting. References Donnelly D P 1977 Digital raingauge recorderAbstract The construction of a modular single-beam microspectrophotometer is described, with emphasis on the selection and performance of the components. The system uses phase-sensitive detection, the light intensity or its logarithm being displayed on the Y channel of a two-dimensional plotter. The X deflection is synchronised with the wavelength through a ramp voltage generated by the monochromator. Possibilities exist for extending the use of the system into the ultraviolet and for digitising data. Problems in the work with drug-nucleic-acid fibres (light scattering, cylindrical lens effect) are illustrated.

Collisionless Plasma Expansion in the Presence of a Dipole Magnetic Field

“…On the other hand the shape of the cloud is symmetrical at all the stages in the plane perpendicular to the z-axis (not shown). The similar shape of the plasma cloud is observed in the experiments as well as in numerical simulations of the plasma expansion in a vacuum when the background plasma is absent [1,22]. In this case the asymmetrical pattern may be caused only by the ambient magnetic field.…”

“…1) should be considered. For instance, such a configuration has been realized in the experiment [22]. In this case the physical quantities also depend on the azimuthal angle ϕ and the shape of the plasma cloud becomes asymmetric in the plane perpendicular to the z-axis.…”

“…References [1,2,18] and the papers cited therein conducted a systematic study in a two-dimensional (2D) geometry and only for initial phase of expansion [2], and in a three-dimensions (3D) but mainly of the characteristics of the magnetic field inflation [18]. Special attention has been paid to the MHD analysis of the expanding plasma behavior in a dipole field in a vacuum [22], i.e. in the absence of the background plasma.…”

Laboratory simulation of very strong magnetosphere's compression by giant Solar flare's plasma, supplying a SEP's trapping and other world – wide effects

“…Of coarse, ε m 1 in a real space conditions (excluding cases of Mercury or asteroids, explored by Omidi et al (2004)) while in the laboratory to fulfill both need constrains ae 1 and ε m 1 we should use a thermonuclear plasma and devices. To overcome this problem we did a 3D/PIC -calculations by hybrid model of Kyushu University, described by Muranaka et al (2001), to find out a critical value of ε * m (≈ 0, 2 −0, 3), which need for MHD -like interaction of exploding plasmas with magnetic dipole.We have used the MHD -model of plasma dynamics based on the approach of Raizer (1963) for deceleration of diamagnetic plasma boundary in vacuum magnetic field B d that includes two (both local) relations: for pressure balance 2nm (W − V ) 2 cos 2 χ = kB 2 d /8π at plasma boundary R and for decrease of its energy 2WẆ + kB 2 d cos χV R 2 /0, 6M = 0 (for V = dR/dt and W -velocity of plasma ions). The latter one, according to Nikitin & Ponomarenko (1994), could be obtained via usual expression for total plasma energy E(t) = E 0 − A(t), where A(t) = (1/8π) s t kB 2 d cos χ V · d S dt is its work against B d .…”

“…Of coarse, ε m 1 in a real space conditions (excluding cases of Mercury or asteroids, explored by Omidi et al (2004)) while in the laboratory to fulfill both need constrains ae 1 and ε m 1 we should use a thermonuclear plasma and devices. To overcome this problem we did a 3D/PIC -calculations by hybrid model of Kyushu University, described by Muranaka et al (2001), to find out a critical value of ε * m (≈ 0, 2 −0, 3), which need for MHD -like interaction of exploding plasmas with magnetic dipole.…”