Analysis of energy‐efficient cooperative spectrum sensing with improved energy detectors and multiple antennas over Nakagami‐q/n fading channels

Abstract

Summary Cognitive radio (CR) is an advanced technique used for the utilization of radio spectrum. A CR node uses the radio spectrum of a licensed user (called as primary user, PU) deviously. In this work, a cooperative sensing network (CSN) with improved energy detection (IED)‐based CR nodes is proposed. Each CR node consists of multiple antennas and perform themselves selection diversity (SC) technique. Each CR node senses a PU through erroneous sensing channel and reports its sensing data (1‐bit binary‐decision) to the fusion center (FC) through erroneous reporting channels. At FC, existence of PU (presence or absence) is identified using k‐out‐of‐N fusion rule. The novel expressions for detection probability over noise plus Nakagami‐q/n fading channels are derived and the mathematical frameworks for analysis of throughput and energy‐efficiency of the proposed network are developed. The simulation testbed is also developed and presented in this work to validate the analytically obtained performance characteristics. For several network parameters values, the investigation on comparison between IED and traditional energy detection method for various decision fusion rules is studied. Further, performance characteristics are analytically illustrated for throughput and energy‐efficiency over noise plus Nakagami‐q/n fading channels. The impact of diversity technique and effect of fading severity parameters on the throughput and energy‐efficiency are also investigated. The effect of channel error on total error performance for both proposed and conventional networks is shown. Finally, optimal fusion rule and optimal network parameters values correspond to maximum throughput and maximum energy‐efficiency are also identified.

Spectral decision for cognitive radio networks in a multi-user environment

“…To carry out the analysis, real power measurements in the GSM frequency band are used as input variables (824-874 MHz). The implemented detection technique was energy detection, due to its simple implementation, low computational cost and low complexity (Ali and Hamouda, 2017;Nallagonda et al, 2021;Youssef et al, 2018). A power threshold of 5 dBm above the noise power was used, in order to determine the spectral occupancy.…”

Evaluation of the performance of a collaborative proposal of multiple access in cognitive radio networks

“…The measurement of spectral occupancy is performed using the energy detection technique; this technique was selected because of the low computational burden and its simple implementation (Ali and Hamouda, 2017;Nallagonda et al, 2021;Youssef et al, 2018). The equipment used is a Discone antenna with a frequency range between 25 MHz to 6 GHz, a Low Noise Amplifier with a frequency range between 20 MHz to 8 GHz, and a spectrum analyzer with a frequency range between 9 kHz to 7.1 GHz.…”

“…The weights according to the decision criteria (W AP , W AAT , W ASINR , W ABW ), if adjusted in this module, are determined using the Delphi method. This method is implemented because of its simple structure, and it also has been embraced in several applications, such as forecasting, estimation, and decision-making problems (Green et al, 2007;Jim enez-Rodríguez et al, 2020;Nurwarsito and Iskandar, 2021). Jim enez-Rodríguez et al (2020) state that it is an effective technique that provides feedback of information contributions and evaluation of judgments.…”

Throughput analysis in censoring‐based cooperative cognitive radio network with energy harvesting

“…In Liang et al, 6 the trade‐off between the sensing duration and throughput meeting the QoS of PU to a target level is investigated. The throughput of a CRN in fading channel is also investigated in literature 7–9 …”

“…The throughput of a CRN in fading channel is also investigated in literature. [7][8][9] Moreover, to make the communication green, EH-based communication has gained a point of research interest in recent days. The EH scheme often eliminates energy constraints in wireless systems.…”