Analysis of energy efficiency and dynamics during car acceleration

Abstract

In this work, the authors focused on analyzing the energy efficiency and dynamics during car acceleration, featuring investigation of acceleration dynamics under various acceleration intensities. The tests were performed in the speed range between 45 km/h and 120 km/h, at a constant gear ratio. This enabled obtaining variable dynamic parameters of the acceleration process, ranging from about 0.1 to 1.4 m/s2 , and recording variation in fuel consumption from 6.28 to 27.03 dm3 /100km. The study focused on determining the relation between fuel consumption, energy efficiency and vehicle acceleration depending on the available drivetrain power. The relation between fuel consumption and vehicle acceleration was described by using the dynamic index. The proposed dynamic index takes into account the energy (from burned fuel) and vehicle acceleration intensity to obtain an objective metric for characterizing the acceleration process. The aforementioned index takes the form of the passenger car movement energy quality index and can be related to widely known physical properties, thus ensuring its universality. The index expresses the energy expenditure within the time needed to accelerate a vehicle weighing 1kg by a 1m distance. As opposed to other criteria that are applied to the assessment of passenger cars dynamics, the index shows a high determination coefficient R2 in excess of 0.99, and can be used as a universal metric to test other vehicle types.

Probability of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus pathogens in long-distance passenger transport

“…For purposes of the methodology proposed for the determination of the probability of viral infection in transport services against the context of passenger or customer exposure in freight transport, the potential mechanisms of infection were identified for activities performed consecutively while providing the given service. Three possible virus transmission mechanisms have been taken into account: − Droplet transmission; − Surface/fomite contact; Burdzik, R., Archives of Transport, 68(4), [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]2023 − Skin contact -direct skin to skin contact with another person. For each transport service, adequate assumptions were adopted with regard to travelling time, distance, contact surfaces, and applicable regulations (Burdzik and Speybroeck, 2023).…”

“…The epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which very quickly turned into a global COVID-19 pandemic, has changed the behaviour of people around the world and the perception of safety, especially in public spaces (Esmailpour et al, 2022). In the case of transport, safety, previously considered in terms of human accidents (Graba et al, 2023) or cargo damage, has been perceived in the context of the risk of infection and epidemic threats since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (Murawski et al, 2022). Transport also plays an important role in the aspect of the epidemic.…”

Analysis of speed limit and energy consumption in electric vehicles

“…The traction and energy parameters were monitored using a measurement platform developed at the Department of Vehicles of the Opole University of Technology [9]. The platform enables the measurement of traction parameters from several data sources simultaneously including, among others, the on-board diagnostic (OBD) network or the onboard CAN Bus data transmission network.…”

An Application of the DHI Methodology for a Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic Hazards in Customer Delivery Services of Smart Cities

“…(1) -social distance of contact with another person for the mechanism of infection by droplets The factors presented in Table 1 are related to passenger and freight transport. For the assessment of only freight transport, as in cases of customer delivery services, the overall assessment is limited to factors such as social distance (1), touching a surface (2), loading time (3), isolation time (4), time between uses (6), operator exposure time (7), number of delivery stops (10), air circulation (11), type of loading (12), securing the cargo (13), document flow (14), and type of delivery point (15), which are 12 through 15 and written in italics in Table 1.…”

“…Sensing technologies are also widely used for monitoring the performance of vehicles [3,4] and more and more often, transport infrastructure [5]. Sensing technologies allow to monitor not just the safety performance of means of transport but also comfort [6] and reliability [7]. Smart cities sensing is an emerging paradigm to facilitate the transition into smart city services [8].…”