Analysis of speed limit and energy consumption in electric vehicles

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the mileage energy consumption for an electric passenger vehicle in terms of the introduction of numerous speed limits. Regulations concerning the limiting of vehicle speed to 30 km/h in cities or residential areas are particularly common. This restriction is intended to increase traffic safety, but at the same time introduces increased mileage fuel or energy consumption in electric drivetrain. Regardless of the energy carrier, any increase in energy causes negative effects for the environment. The analysis was focused on the mileage energy consumption of electric passenger cars for a constant speed under real traffic conditions. During the tests, the tested vehicles’ speed on a specially designated road section was changed gradually by 10 km/h, with simultaneous recording of the car’s traction parameters and mileage energy consumption. An analysis of the mileage energy consumption was then carried out for the assumed fleet of cars travelling one after another (in a so-called traffic jam), while maintaining a safe distance. This allowed for the calculation of the environment’s energy burden caused by a fleet of vehicles travelling on a given road section, indicating that a reduction in vehicle speed causes an increase in the vehicles’ energy consumption. Both total and mileage energy consumption of electric vehicles were analysed during the tests.

Exhaust Emissions from Euro 6 Vehicles in WLTC and RDE—Part 2: Verification by Experimental Measurement

“…The uniqueness of the road tests resulted in CO 2 emissions in the range of 103-135 g/km, CO in the range of 1.8-15.3 mg/km, and NO x in the range of 43-196 mg/km. Mamala et al [31] (2023) showed that fuel consumption and energy demand of vehicles depend largely on atmospheric factors and vehicle driving conditions. The impact of vehicles operating in different climatic zones resulted in significant variations of energy consumption (not correlated with the data from the WLTC test)-just maintaining a constant speed of 140 km/h increased the energy demand by 70% compared to the average value from the WLTC test.…”

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“…Nowadays, advanced research is being carried out on alternative, innovative ways to reduce the negative impact of transport on exhaust emissions into the environment [15]. One of the researched solutions that is gaining more and more attention is the use of hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines.…”

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“…Electric motors are also more efficient than combustion engines. The tank to wheel efficiency for electric cars is 65-82%, and for cars equipped with combustion engines -19-25% [12]. Electric cars do not emit exhaust gases, so they are considered ecological vehicles [1,[9][10][11]23].…”