Analysis of eleven years of deformation measured by GPS in the Corinth Rift Laboratory area

Avallone, A.; Briole, Pierre; Agatza-Balodimou, A. M.; Billiris, H.; Charade, Olivier; Mitsakaki, C.; Nercessian, Alexandre; Papazissi, K.; Paradissis, Demitris; Veis, G.

doi:10.1016/j.crte.2003.12.007

Cited by 185 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This accelerated Holocene uplift is also consistent with the observed discrepancy between hiceeding 10 mm year -1 in the central rift according to geodetic measurements (Clarke et al, 1998;Avallone et al, 2004), and much lower long-term rates, smaller than 5 mm year -1 during the last 0.7 Ma in the same area . Furthermore, the intriguing westward increase in GPS-derived extension rates (e.g., Bell et al, 2011) parallels the S R -inferred westward decrease in age of the recent uplift acceleration.…”

Section: Timing Of the Uplift Phasessupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In any case, this recent evolution coincides with an apparent increase in modern extension rates. Indeed, GPS measurements in the Corinth gulf area indicate current rates ranging from < 5 mm year -1 at the eastern end of the rift to 11 mm year -1 at the height of Xylokastro and 16 mm year -1 in the western rift (Avallone et al, 2004;Nyst and Thatcher, 2004;Bernard etal., 2006). However, beyond the fact that the E-W variation of these rates does not superpose with long-term variations showing maximum total extension in the central rift (Bell et al, 2011), the question of how, if ever, geologically instantaneous GPS rates may compare with long-term averaged rates is still debated (e.g., Friedrich et al, 2003;Bell et al, 2011).…”

Section: Naf: North Anatolian Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

2015

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The Rift of Corinth is a world-class example of young active rifting and, as such, is an ideal natural laboratory of continental extension. However, though much investigated for two decades, several aspects of the mechanisms at work are still poorly understood. The aim of this paper is a detailed morphometric study of the fluvial landscape response to the tectonic uplift of the rift southern shoulder in order to reconstruct the rift's Quaternary evolution, with special attention to timing, location, and intensity of uplift episodes. Based on the use of a large set of catchment and long profile metrics complemented by the new R/S R integrative approach of the regional drainage network, we identified three distinct episodes of uplift of the northern Peloponnese coastal tract, of which the intermediate one, dated around 0.35-0.4 Ma, is only recorded in the topography of the central part of the rift shoulder, and the youngest one appears to have propagated from east to west over the last 10-20 ka. While net uplift remained minimum in the eastern part of the study area during the whole Quaternary, it shows a clear maximum in the central part of the rift shoulder since 0.4 Ma and an eastward shift of this maximum in recent times. Maximum uplift rates calculated from the morphometric data are of > 1.05 and 2-5 mm year -1 for, the mid-Middle Pleistocene and Holocene uplift episodes, respectively. The morphometric evidence reveals an onshore uplift history remarkably consistent with the rift evolution reconstructed from other data sets. In the long term, it shows a stable pattern of maximum activity in the central part of the rift, confirming previous conclusions about the absence of rift propagation. In the short term, it sheds light on a possible E-W migration of the zone of recent uplift, suggesting that in the near future fault activity and seismic hazard might concentrate in the Heliki-Aegion area, at the western tip of this uplift wave.

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Section: Timing Of the Uplift Phasessupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Naf: North Anatolian Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

2015

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“…show that most of present-day deformation is concentrated offshore in a narrow band (Briole et al, 2000;Avallone et al, 2004). In this area, the southern coast is bounded by the en-echelon Eliki-AigionKamarai-Psathopyrgos fault system (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deformation is currently localized on en-echelon north-dipping normal faults delimiting the southern coastline, as well as on N-and S-dipping offshore faults ( Fig. 1) (Avallone et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active faulting at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, from high-resolution seismic data

et al. 2015

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International audienceThe Gulf of Corinth is one of the fastest-spreading intra-continental rifts on Earth. GPS data indicate that the rift is currently opening in a NNE-SSW direction, with a rate of extension reaching up to 16 mm yr (super - 1) in its westernmost part. Although the rest of the offshore rift has been well studied, the western tip of the rift is still poorly explored. We present an accurate map of submarine faults in this area based on two high-resolution seismic reflection surveys (single-channel sparker). In the eastern part of the studied area, the sedimentary infill is affected by the known North Eratini, South Eratini, and West Channel faults. Further to the west, the seafloor is mostly flat and is bounded to the north by the normal, south-dipping, Trizonia fault. To the north, the shallower part of the Gulf shows to the east a diffuse pattern of normal and strike-slip deformation, which is replaced to the west by a 7.5 km long SE striking strike-slip fault zone, called the Managouli fault zone. To the westernmost tip of the Gulf, in the Nafpaktos Basin, two fault sets with different strikes are encountered; the one with a NE-SW strike exhibits a clear strike-slip component. The western tip of the Gulf of Corinth is the only part of the Corinth Rift where convincing evidence for strike-slip movement has been found. This fault pattern is likely related to the complex deformation occurring at the diffuse junction at the western tip of the Rift between three crustal blocks: Continental Greece, Peloponnese, and the Ionian Island-Akarnania block

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“…This active shallow-dipping crustal-scale shear zone accommodates extension at a shear rate of 1 cm yr −1 , distributed at 10-15 km over a 1 km thick zone (Avallone et al, 2004). Crustal-scale thermo-mechanical models of this detachment have shown that kinematics of high angle normal faults in its hanging wall as well as the observed formation of out-of-sequence faults can only be reproduced for low effective viscosity of the order of 10 19 to 10 20 Pa s within the shear zone (Le Pourhiet et al, 2004) .…”

Section: Geological Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain localisation in mechanically layered rocks beneath detachment zones: insights from numerical modelling

et al. 2013

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Abstract.We have designed a series of fully dynamic numerical simulations aimed at assessing how the orientation of mechanical layering in rocks controls the orientation of shear bands and the depth of penetration of strain in the footwall of detachment zones. Two parametric studies are presented.In the first one, the influence of stratification orientation on the occurrence and mode of strain localisation is tested by varying initial dip of inherited layering in the footwall with regard to the orientation of simple shear applied at the rigid boundary simulating a rigid hanging wall, all scaling and rheological parameter kept constant. It appears that when MohrCoulomb plasticity is being used, shear bands are found to localise only when the layering is being stretched. This corresponds to early deformational stages for inital layering dipping in the same direction as the shear is applied, and to later stages for intial layering dipping towards the opposite direction of shear. In all the cases, localisation of the strain after only γ = 1 requires plastic yielding to be activated in the strong layer.The second parametric study shows that results are lengthscale independent and that orientation of shear bands is not sensitive to the viscosity contrast or the strain rate. However, decreasing or increasing strain rate is shown to reduce the capacity of the shear zone to localise strain. In the later case, the strain pattern resembles a mylonitic band but the rheology is shown to be effectively linear.Based on the results, a conceptual model for strain localisation under detachment faults is presented. In the early stages, strain localisation occurs at slow rates by viscous shear instabilities but as the layered media is exhumed, the temperature drops and the strong layers start yielding plastically, forming shear bands and localising strain at the top of the shear zone. Once strain localisation has occured, the deformation in the shear band becomes extremely penetrative but the strength cannot drop since the shear zone has a finite thickness.

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Analysis of eleven years of deformation measured by GPS in the Corinth Rift Laboratory area

Cited by 185 publications

References 17 publications

Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

Patterns of Quaternary uplift of the Corinth rift southern border (N Peloponnese, Greece) revealed by fluvial landscape morphometry

Active faulting at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, from high-resolution seismic data

Strain localisation in mechanically layered rocks beneath detachment zones: insights from numerical modelling

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