Analysis of DNA Adduct,S-[2-(N7-Guanyl)ethyl]glutathione, by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Dose–response relationship, kinetics of formation, and persistence of S‐[2‐(N7‐guanyl)‐ethyl]glutathione–DNA adduct in livers of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) exposed in vivo to ethylene dichloride

“…Total DNA was estimated by reading absorbance (1 AU ¼ 50 mg/ml) at 260 nm from an aliquot of sample taken before hydrolysis. Previous investigations demonstrated that the GEG-DNA adducts and the deuterated analogs were stable under these preparation conditions [28].…”

Analytical Aspects of Aromatic Amines

“…Biomarker monitoring, such as DNA adduct analysis, is a most useful tool for determining mechanisms of activity and assessment of carcinogen effective dose in humans 26 . The DNA adducts are present in very low concentrations (about 1 per 10 7 normal nucleotides), making their analysis in tissues very difficult 27 . PAA undergo enzymatic activation in vivo to intermediate nitrenium ions, capable of forming adducts with DNA and proteins by bonding to nucleophilic sites.…”

“…The constant neutral loss acquisition mode, looking for [M + H] + − 15 ions, is well fitted for identifying the presence of compounds such as those listed in Table 2.B, all possessing the N-Me moiety, which is lost yielding quite abundant peaks; the identity of the species can be further confirmed following the fragmentation of such peaks in the product ion mode. All the compounds listed in Table 2.B except for 2-amino-1,7,9-trimethylimidazo[4,5-g]quinoxaline (27) were identified and determined in the cooked meat products, the predominant one being IQ (25a), reaching over 45 ppb, and the scarcest 7 Potentially mutagenic pollutants PBTA-1 (32a) and PBTA-2 (32b), after SPE with an Empore disk C 18 (Section III.A.5), underwent good separation by RP-HPLC without interference by other solutes in the Yodo river waters. Their ESI-MS showed the [M + H] + ion as the base peak at m/z 543 and 508, respectively.…”

Development of an isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry detection method for DNA adducts of selected aromatic amines

“…Their formation is rare and the isolation of tissue DNA as a sample matrix dictates that most samples will have low concentrations. Yet because carcinogens have no threshold of safety for exposure and exposure to a few molecules at the cellular level may lead to mutational events at critical loci that can ultimately be expressed as tumor formation which may be potentially fatal, it is important to detect them at very low frequencies (1 adduct in 10 7 normal nucleotides) [22]. Not only do they need to be detected at low levels, but also their rates of formation and repair need to be studied, and the complete mechanism of their carcinogenicity understood.…”

“…The detection of DNA adducts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) offers several advantages that other methods do not possess [22]. This method offers the advantages of not requiring radioactive compounds, or hard to obtain antibodies.…”