Analysis of Discrepancies in the Reflection of Statistical Results of Foreign Economic Activity

Abstract

An integral part of the country's economy is foreign trade operations, through which the necessary goods (works, services) are imported into the country and domestic products are sold on the world market. For Russia and a number of post-Soviet countries, foreign economic activity is also a source of replenishment of the consolidated budget in the form of taxes and customs duties from the sale of hydrocarbons. The quantitative study of the dynamics and structure of foreign trade operations of the Russian Federation is an urgent task for economic science in general, and statistical science in particular. A comparison of the statistical data of foreign economic activity of Russia and the countries of the world allows us to see that the structures of foreign trade turnover differ. Discrepancies in the reflection of export and import operations between Russia and its main trading partners make it difficult to analyze them and use statistical data in practical work. The problem of comparability of statistical data on foreign economic activity between countries is acute and is in the zone of increased attention of both Russian and international organizations. The harmonized Commodity Description and Coding system was designed to simplify the collection, comparison and statistical analysis of data, contributed to the standardization of foreign trade documentation, and became the first step towards comparing export and import volumes. On the basis of the Harmonized System, the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity was developed in Russia, then the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The EAEU Commodity Nomenclature operates on the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, which includes 21 sections and 99 groups of goods, each of which has a 10-digit code.