Analysis of different control strategies for the simultaneous reduction of CO&lt;SUB align="right"&gt;2 and NO&lt;SUB align="right"&gt;x emissions of a diesel hybrid passenger car

Millo, Federico; Ferraro, Carlo Vincenzo; Rolando, Luciano

doi:10.1504/ijvd.2012.047393

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The reference values can be calculated using the methods described in the next section. The equivalence factors calculated using Equation (32) are then used for the minimization of the equivalent emissions (18a)-(18c).…”

Section: Total Cost and Resulting Equivalence Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, the NO x and PM emissions are a concern for diesel electric hybrid drivetrains. In [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], the NO x emissions are included in the performance criterion of the ECMS problem. However, there, the equivalence factor for the NO x emissions is only a tuning parameter, and it is not adapted actively in order to maintain a certain NO x emission level, as is proposed in this paper.…”

Section: Comparison To Ecms For Hybrid Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• EEMS with operating-point dependent reference NO x emissions (OPdep): This method applies EEMS using (32) to adapt the equivalence factor and (33) to calculate the reference NO x emissions. The reference NO x mass flow is calculated as a quadratic function of the operating point:…”

Section: Problem Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• EEMS with constant brake-specific reference emissions (BSconst): This method also applies EEMS using (32) to adapt the equivalence factor; however, it uses (34) to calculate the reference NO x emissions. The reference value for the brake-specific NO x emissions is equal to the average value, which was demanded for the DP solution:…”

Section: Problem Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Equivalent Emission Minimization Strategy for Causal Optimal Control of Diesel Engines

et al. 2014

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One of the main challenges during the development of operating strategies for modern diesel engines is the reduction of the CO 2 emissions, while complying with ever more stringent limits for the pollutant emissions. The inherent trade-off between the emissions of CO 2 and pollutants renders a simultaneous reduction difficult. Therefore, an optimal operating strategy is sought that yields minimal CO 2 emissions, while holding the cumulative pollutant emissions at the allowed level. Such an operating strategy can be obtained offline by solving a constrained optimal control problem. However, the final-value constraint on the cumulated pollutant emissions prevents this approach from being adopted for causal control. This paper proposes a framework for causal optimal control of diesel engines. The optimization problem can be solved online when the constrained minimization of the CO 2 emissions is reformulated as an unconstrained minimization of the CO 2 emissions and the weighted pollutant emissions (i.e., equivalent emissions). However, the weighting factors are not known a priori. A method for the online calculation of these weighting factors is proposed. It is based on the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and a physically motivated approximation of the optimal cost-to-go. A case study shows that the causal control strategy defined by the online calculation of the equivalence factor and the minimization of the equivalent emissions is only slightly inferior to the non-causal offline optimization, while being applicable to online control.Energies 2014, 7 1231

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Section: Total Cost and Resulting Equivalence Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To Ecms For Hybrid Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problem Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problem Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Equivalent Emission Minimization Strategy for Causal Optimal Control of Diesel Engines

et al. 2014

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“…For example, the authors of [6] propose a real-time rule-based strategy to optimize both fuel economy and pollutant emissions, taking into account cold-start emissions, by minimizing an overall normalized impact function. Similar approaches have been presented in [7][8][9][10][11], where an instantaneous optimization algorithm, with a similar structure to the well-known equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) [12,13], is built. In that case, the target is to minimize a weighted sum of multiple factors, for example fuel consumption and NO x , CO and CO 2 emissions, while guaranteeing charge-sustaining conditions for various driving cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for the Control of Real Driving NOx Emissions of a Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

et al. 2014

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Motivated by the fact that the real driving NO x emissions (RDE) of conventional diesel vehicles can exceed the legislation norms by far, a concept for the control of RDE with a diesel parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed. By extending the well-known equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), the power split degree of freedom is used to control the NO x emissions and the battery state of charge (SOC) simultaneously. Through an appropriate formulation of the problem, the feedback control is shown to be separable into two dependent PI controllers. By hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments, as well as by simulations, the proposed method is shown to minimize the fuel consumption while tracking a given reference trajectory for both the NO x emissions and the battery SOC.

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Assessment of heavy-duty vehicle activities, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in port areas

Zamboni

Malfettani

Meynier³

et al. 2013

Applied Energy

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Analysis of different control strategies for the simultaneous reduction of CO<SUB align="right">2 and NO<SUB align="right">x emissions of a diesel hybrid passenger car

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

An Equivalent Emission Minimization Strategy for Causal Optimal Control of Diesel Engines

An Equivalent Emission Minimization Strategy for Causal Optimal Control of Diesel Engines

Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for the Control of Real Driving NOx Emissions of a Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Assessment of heavy-duty vehicle activities, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in port areas

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