“…The research data collected by this study for the walking technique of the humanoid biped robot (Liu and Luo 2008) are the laid-open publications released by IPDL (Industrial Property Digital Library) of Japan Patent Office, which cover the historical period up to December 31, 2006. After careful data sorting and sieving, this study found that the top 10 companies or organizations owning the walking technique patents in Japan are Honda, Sony, Toyota, JST, AIST, Seiko-Epson, Fujitsu, Sharp, and Waseda University.…”