Analysis of detection-efficiency variation techniques for the implementation of the TDCR method in liquid scintillation counting

Cassette, P.; Broda, R.; Hainos, D.; Terlikowska, T.

doi:10.1016/s0969-8043(99)00224-9

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the correction could not successfully be applied to 3 H. This is because of that the experimental TDCR over the entire range for 3 H, after 25% and 50% rejection, becomes too low to be corrected. It was pointed out by Cassette [13] that TDCRE0.3, roughly corresponding to an expected mean number of 1 photoelectron per photomultiplier, was a threshold below which the TDCR model failed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of rejection of a fraction of the single photoelectron peak in liquid scintillation counting

Cassette

Baldock

2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of rejection of a fraction of the single photoelectron peak in liquid scintillation counting

Cassette

Baldock

2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The experimental methods to estimate kB value have been reported by different authors [6,7,11]. The optimum value could be obtained through a self-consistent solution, for which the measured activity is independent on detection efficiency by the TDCR method [20], or the quench level by the CNET method [21]. Besides, Carles and Malonda also found that for the best kB value the reduced energy per photoelectron EQ(E) /(#e) should remain the same for electrons with different energy, and the stopping power formula has a slight influence on the estimating kB value [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the kB is accurate, the calculated activity could remain the same while the efficiency changes. In other words, the best kB value is the value giving a radioactive solution activity independent of the detection efficiency [20].…”

Section: The Tdcr Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods

Liu

Liang

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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The activity of tritiated water has been standardized by two liquid scintillation counting methods: The CIEMAT/NIST method with the 54 Mn-standard efficiency tracing and the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method. The samples were prepared with Ultima Gold TM AB liquid scintillation cocktail in low-potassium glass vials. In the application of the CIEMAT/ NIST method, the computer program EMILIA was used to calculate the efficiency of 3 H and 54 Mn according to the KL 1 L 2 L 3 M atomic rearrangement model. And the detection efficiency of the TDCR counter was calculated using TDCR07 code, which makes it possible to allow for the potential asymmetry between the three photomultiplier tubes. The influence of stopping power and kB factor is discussed in the paper. When a power approach is adopted for the stopping power for electrons below 1 keV and kB is chosen to be 0.0075 cm/MeV, the relative deviation will be only 0.3% between the two methods. tritiated water, the CIEMAT/NIST method, the TDCR method, kB factor; the stopping power, liquid scintillation counting Citation:Wu Y L, Liu H R, Liang J C, et al. Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods.

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“…H-3, C-14, P-32, Ni-63, Tc-99, Tl-204 and some low energy electron-capture emitters, i.e. Fe-55 [59,60,70,71]. Detection efficiency variation can be achieved using techniques of chemical quenching, coaxial grey filters and PM tubes defocusing.…”

Section: (D) the Coincidence Methods By A 4πβ-γ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detection efficiency variation can be achieved using techniques of chemical quenching, coaxial grey filters and PM tubes defocusing. The two former processes reduce the mean quantity of light emitted and the later reduces the detection probability [71]. Basically, the specific experimental parameter (K) is equal to the ratio of the triple coincidences counting rate (N T ) to the sum of double coincidences counting rate (N D ).…”

Section: (D) the Coincidence Methods By A 4πβ-γ Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality by Design and Risk Assessment for Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing and Clinical Imaging

Liu¹,

Jian-hua²,

Men³

et al. 2012

Latest Research Into Quality Control

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IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO) and European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). The attributes of the components in the quality system (QA/QC), including organization, staffing and personnel, facilities, instrumentation and equipment, operation procedure, radiopharmaceuticals, protocol and conduct of a study or a treatment, records and reports, and audit framework were further characterized. Assessments and comparisons of critical quality attributes (CQAs) for assuring accurate radioactive dosimetry calculation in the efficiency tracing of absolute activity measurement and patient-and technologistrelated risks for nuclear medicine imaging including Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Computed Tomography (CT), PET/CT, and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) were identified. Quality system design based on the Requirements and Guidelines Quality policy and systemThe quality system by design for radiopharmaceuticals and clinical imaging techniques is aimed to maintain and improve the qualified service for the patients, fulfill the regulatory requirements, optimize the safety and efficacy for patient care, demonstrate a proper equipment operating condition, and obtain a reliable quantitative performance in both diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures [4,5]. The pursuit of excellence in quality system is not a single action over a short period, instead, it is achieved through the whole life cycle of instruments, analytical methods or education for example, from planning and procurement to decommissioning based on advanced technology [6]. Continuous quality improvement implies a commitment to continuously struggle to advance based on state-ofthe-art information and techniques developed by the nuclear medicine and metrology community at large [5].Implementation of a quality system must be in accordance with the quality police, i.e. the overall quality intentions and direction of an organization, as formally expressed by top management. And quality system includes the structure, responsibilities, and procedures for implementing quality management. An integrated infrastructure of quality policy and system design is demonstrated as in Figure 1, which is mainly developed from the European Standard EN 28402 proposed by Bergmann et al. [7]. The attributes of the components in the quality sub-system (QA/QC), e.g. organization, personnel, facilities, instrumentation, operation procedures, preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, protocol and conduct, records and reports, and audit or inspection, were further integrated and classified in this article.

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Analysis of detection-efficiency variation techniques for the implementation of the TDCR method in liquid scintillation counting

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

The influence of rejection of a fraction of the single photoelectron peak in liquid scintillation counting

The influence of rejection of a fraction of the single photoelectron peak in liquid scintillation counting

Standardization of tritiated water by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods

Quality by Design and Risk Assessment for Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing and Clinical Imaging

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