Analysis of degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during air starvation

Taniguchi, Atsushi; Akita, Tomoki; Yasuda, Kazuaki; Miyazaki, Yoshinori

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.02.049

Cited by 187 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the case of air starvation, ECSA decreased by 40% while platinum particle size distribution increased from 2 to more than 4 nm after 120 minutes [53]. There were no notable changes observed on the anode side, suggesting that hydrogen oxidation is not affected by air starvation at low electrode potential [53].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Pemfc Life Under Aeronautic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…There were no notable changes observed on the anode side, suggesting that hydrogen oxidation is not affected by air starvation at low electrode potential [53]. In addition, oxygen formed from water electrolysis reaction at the anode during hydrogen starvation can react with carbon to form carbon dioxide, a serious poison to the platinum catalyst [54].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Pemfc Life Under Aeronautic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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PEMFC for aeronautic applications: A review on the durability aspects

et al. 2017

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) not only offer more efficient electrical energy conversion, relative to on-ground/backup turbines but generate by-products useful in aircraft such as heat for ice prevention, deoxygenated air for fire retardation and drinkable water for use on-board. Consequently, several projects (e.g. DLR-H2 Antares and RAPID2000) have successfully tested PEMFC-powered auxiliary unit (APU) for manned/unmanned aircraft. Despite the progress from flying PEMFC-powered small aircraft with 20 kW power output as high as 1 000 m at 100 km/h to 33 kW at 2 558 m, 176 km/h [1-3], durability and reliability remain key challenges. This review reports on the inadequate understanding of behaviour of PEMFC under aeronautic conditions and the lack of predictive methods conducive for aircraft that provide real-time information on the State of Health of PEMFCs. Highlights: The main research findings are -To minimize performance loss due to high altitude and inclination by adjusting cathode stoichiometric ratio. -To improve quality of oxygen-depleted air by controlling operating temperature and stoichiometric ratio. -Need to devise real time prediction methods conducive for determining PEMFC SoH in aircraft.

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Section: Factors Influencing Pemfc Life Under Aeronautic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Factors Influencing Pemfc Life Under Aeronautic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

PEMFC for aeronautic applications: A review on the durability aspects

et al. 2017

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“…Thus, so as not to degrade irreversibly the catalysts of FC materials [41,42], the stack is disconnected.…”

Section: Experimental Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEM fuel cell fault detection and identification using differential method: simulation and experimental validation

Frappé¹,

Bernardinis²,

Béthoux

et al. 2011

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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PEM fuel cell performance and lifetime strongly depend on the polymer membrane and MEA hydration. As the internal moisture is very sensitive to the operating conditions (temperature, stoichiometry, load current, water management…), keeping the optimal working point is complex and requires real time monitoring. This article is centered in the PEM fuel cell stack health diagnosis and more precisely on stack fault detection monitoring. This paper intends to define new, simple and effective methods to get relevant information on usual faults or malfunctions occurring in the fuel cell stack. For this purpose, the authors present a fault detection method using simple and non-intrusive on-line technique based on the space signature of the cell voltages. The authors have the objective to minimize the number of embedded sensors and instrumentation in order to get a precise, reliable and economic solution in a mass market application. A very low number of sensors are indeed needed for this monitoring and the associated algorithm can be implemented on-line. This technique is validated on a 20-cell PEMFC stack. It demonstrates that the developed method is particularly efficient in flooding case. As a matter of fact, it uses directly the stack as a sensor which enables to get a quick feedback on its state of health.

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“…The first is a system control strategy whereby specially designed software would monitor anode and cathode outlet exhaust gas composition, cell voltage, and local density variation response. The software would then regulate fuel/air stoichiometry, cell temperature, current density, water management, and any other operating parameters to minimize fuel cell reversal damage [4][5][6]. Although the system control strategy can be an effective and efficient method to extend a fuel cell's lifespan, it would require a peripheral sensor to monitor and feedback information, and even to regulate the system parameters for steady operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Reversal: A Review

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The H 2 /air-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has two major problems: cost and durability, which obstruct its pathway to commercialization. Cell reversal, which would create irreversible damage to the fuel cell and shorten its lifespan, is caused by reactant starvation, load change, low catalyst performance, and so on. This paper will summarize the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies of cell reversal of PEMFC in detail. A description of potential change in the anode and cathode and the differences between local starvation and overall starvation are reviewed, which gives a framework for comprehending the origins of cell reversal. According to the root factor of cell starvation, i.e., fuel cells do not satisfy the requirements of electrons and protons of normal anode and cathode chemical reactions, we will introduce specific methods to mitigate or prevent fuel cell damage caused by cell reversal in the view of system management strategies and component material modifications. Based on a comprehensive understanding of cell reversal, it is beneficial to operate a fuel cell stack and extend its lifetime.

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Analysis of degradation in PEMFC caused by cell reversal during air starvation

Cited by 187 publications

References 17 publications

PEMFC for aeronautic applications: A review on the durability aspects

PEMFC for aeronautic applications: A review on the durability aspects

PEM fuel cell fault detection and identification using differential method: simulation and experimental validation

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Reversal: A Review

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