Analysis of cycle Gene Expression in Aedes aegypti Brains by In Situ Hybridization

Chahad‐Ehlers, Samira; Gentile, Carla; Lima, José Bento Pereira; Peixoto, Alexandre A.; Bruno, Rafaela Vieira

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052559

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Previous research has indicated that the major risk areas for dengue are: urban areas, areas with high population density, areas with informal settlements and in places where sanitation conditions are not satisfactory. In those areas, the female mosquito finds conditions in which it can feed and reproduce [29, 30]. Further, the Brazilian coast is densely populated since the major Brazilian urban centers are located on the coast or near it (e.g., São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Dengue Incidence in Brazil, 2001-2012

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn Brazil, the incidence of dengue greatly increased in the last two decades and there are several factors impeding the control of the disease. The present study focused on describing the space-time evolution of dengue in Brazil from 2001 to 2012 and analyzing the relationship of the reported cases with socio-demographic and environmental factors.MethodsThe analytic units used in the preparation of thematic maps were municipalities. Statistical tests and multilevel regression models were used to evaluate the association between dengue incidence and the following factors: climate, diagnostic period, demographic density, percentage of people living in rural areas, Gross Domestic Product, Gini index, percentage of garbage collection and the rate of households with a sewage network.ResultsThe largest accumulation of dengue cases in Brazil was concentrated on the Atlantic coast and in the interior part of São Paulo State. The risk of dengue in subtropical and tropical climates was 1.20–11 times lower than that observed in semi-arid climates. In 2009–2010 and 2011–2012, the risks were ten and six times higher than in 2003–2004, respectively.ConclusionDengue is a common infection in the Brazilian population, with the largest accumulation of dengue cases concentrated on the Atlantic coast and in the interior area of São Paulo State. The high dengue rates observed in the Brazilian coastal region suggest that the cases imported from neighboring countries contribute to the spread of the disease in the country. Our results suggest that several socio-demographic and environmental factors resulted in the increase of dengue in the country over time. This is likely applicable to the occurrence of other arboviruses like Zika and chikungunya. To reverse the situation, Brazil must implement effective public policies that offer basic services such as garbage collection and sanitation networks as well as reduce vector populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Dengue Incidence in Brazil, 2001-2012

et al. 2016

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“…Some arboviruses are able to invade several tissues including the mosquito’s brain and are likely to modify its physiology and metabolism. Hence, arboviruses are prone to affect vectorial capacity and the pattern of disease transmission [ 17 , 18 ]. A reoccurring observation noted in several studies is the effect of senescence and pathogen infection on fecundity ( i .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the age of first blood meal and Zika virus infection on Aedes aegypti egg production and longevity

et al. 2018

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The impact of senescence and pathogen infection on Aedes aegypti life-history traits remains poorly understood. This laboratory study focused on the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the age of first blood intake on blood meal and clutch sizes, and more importantly on the egg production ratio per μL of blood. Three groups of ZIKV-infected and uninfected Ae. aegypti females that received their first blood meal at 7 (young feeders), 14 (mature feeders) and 21 days old (old feeders) were monitored daily for survival and received a blood meal free of ZIKV once a week. The number of eggs laid per female were registered 3–4 days after blood feeding. Infection by ZIKV and age of feeding produced a strong negative impact on survival and oviposition success (e.g. likelihood of laying at least one egg per gonotrophic cycle). Interestingly, clutch size presented a dramatic reduction on uninfected mosquitoes, but raised from 36.5 in clutch1 to 55.1 eggs in clutch 3. Blood meal size remained stable in uninfected females, while a slight increase was observed for the infected counterparts. In uninfected Ae. aegypti, egg production was strongly affected by the age of feeding with younger females laying three times more eggs than when older. On the other hand, ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a constant but low egg production. Overall, mosquito senescence and ZIKV infection had an impact on mosquito egg production by causing a sharp decrease in the number of eggs along the clutches for uninfected mosquitoes and a slight increase for infected mosquitoes. Despite some study limitations, our results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of mosquito aging and pathogen infection on the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti.

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“…aegypti timeless gene ( tim, AAEL006411) [28]; brain in situ hybridization of Ae. aegypti cycle ( cyc , AAEL002049) [29]; the expression profiling of clock genes in Ae. aegypti, An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive circadian and light regulation of the transcriptome in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

2013

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BackgroundMosquitoes exhibit 24 hr rhythms in flight activity, feeding, reproduction and development. To better understand the molecular basis for these rhythms in the nocturnal malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, we have utilized microarray analysis on time-of-day specific collections of mosquitoes over 48 hr to explore the coregulation of gene expression rhythms by the circadian clock and light, and compare these with the 24 hr rhythmic gene expression in the diurnal Aedes aegypti dengue vector mosquito.ResultsIn time courses from An. gambiae head and body collected under light:dark cycle (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions, we applied three algorithms that detect sinusoidal patterns and an algorithm that detects spikes in expression. This revealed across four experimental conditions 393 probes newly scored as rhythmic. These genes correspond to functions such as metabolic detoxification, immunity and nutrient sensing. This includes glutathione S-transferase GSTE5, whose expression pattern and chromosomal location are shared with other genes, suggesting shared chromosomal regulation; and pulsatile expression of the gene encoding CYP6M2, a cytochrome P450 that metabolizes pyrethroid insecticides. We explored the interaction of light and the circadian clock and highlight the regulation of odorant binding proteins (OBPs), important components of the olfactory system. We reveal that OBPs have unique expression patterns as mosquitoes make the transition from LD to DD conditions. We compared rhythmic expression between An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti heads collected under LD conditions using a single cosine fitting algorithm, and report distinct similarities and differences in the temporal regulation of genes involved in tRNA priming, the vesicular-type ATPase, olfaction and vision between the two species.ConclusionsThese data build on our previous analyses of time-of-day specific regulation of the An. gambiae transcriptome to reveal additional rhythmic genes, an improved understanding of the co-regulation of rhythms in gene expression by the circadian clock and by light, and an understanding of the time-of-day specific regulation of some of these rhythmic processes in comparison with a different species of mosquito. Improved understanding of biological timing at the molecular level that underlies key physiological aspects of mosquito vectors may prove to be important to successful implementation of established and novel insect control methods.

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Analysis of cycle Gene Expression in Aedes aegypti Brains by In Situ Hybridization

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Dengue Incidence in Brazil, 2001-2012

Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Dengue Incidence in Brazil, 2001-2012

The impact of the age of first blood meal and Zika virus infection on Aedes aegypti egg production and longevity

Extensive circadian and light regulation of the transcriptome in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

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