Analysis of Cu doping concentration on PbS thin films for the fabrication of solar cell using feasible nebulizer spray pyrolysis

Rosario, S. Rex; Kulandaisamy, I.; Arulanantham, A. M. S.; Kumar, K. Deva Arun; Valanarasu, S.; Hamdy, Mohamed S.; Al-Namshah, Khadijah S.; Alhanash, Abdullah M.

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aafb9a

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In our case, TC is higher than 1 (TC(hkl) > 1) for all the Pb:Ag films. The calculated TC value for 6% Ag film is 2.19, which are same as our previous report . This result suggests that lot of crystallites were gathered along (200) plane, and consequently, it may help to improve the electrical property.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Using Equation , the calculated band gap values are 1.51, 1.27, 1.17, and 1.79 eV for the different Ag doping concentrations 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, respectively, as shown in Figure A. Initially, measured band gap values were reduced and then increased with increasing the concentration of Ag doping, which may be due to an increase in film thickness as well as crystalline size . Figure B illustrates the energy gap variations between valance band to conduction band with respect to different silver doping contents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…PbS:Ag films' lattice constants ( a ) is calculated by the following relationship

\frac{1}{d^{2}} = ({}, \frac{h^{2} + k^{2} + l^{2}}{a^{2}}),

where d is the line spacing and (hkl) are the Miller indices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculated TC value for 6% Ag film is 2.19, which are same as our previous report. 34 This result suggests that lot of crystallites were gathered along (200) plane, and consequently, it may help to improve the electrical property. PbS:Ag films' lattice constants (a) is calculated by the following relationship.…”

Section: Structural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…PbS:Ag films' lattice constants (a) is calculated by the following relationship. 34 1 35 the lattice mismatch between the ionic radius of substitute ions and host site radius. 36 Moreover, the nature of Ag 3 O 4 structure is different (monoclinic) from host PbS structure, so that it could disturb the arrangement of crystal and consequently reduce the lattice constant value.…”

Section: Structural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ag‐doped PbS thin films by nebulizer spray pyrolysis for solar cells

Rosario¹,

Kulandaisamy²,

Kumar

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Silver (Ag)‐doped PbS (PbS:Ag) thin films of 616 to 745 nm in thickness were prepared on glass substrates via cost‐effective nebulizer spray method by adding different Ag levels from 2% to 8% at 200°C. For solar cell applications, the effect of Ag doping concentration on structural, morphological, optical, photoluminescence, and electrical chattels of PbS thin film has been studied. X‐ray diffraction pattern confirmed the polycrystalline behavior of the prepared PbS:Ag films with cubic crystalline nature. The crystalline size and texture coefficient were increased by increasing Ag doping concentration. From the morphological studies by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), the grain size of the films and surface roughness values were increased for the increase in Ag doping concentration. EDS spectra confirmed the existence of Ag, Pb, and S elements in the select 6% Ag‐doped PbS film. Peaks related to silver oxide started to emerge at 6% of Ag doping level. The optical direct band gap value was reduced from 1.51 to 1.17 eV for Ag doping from 2% to 6% and thereby slightly increased as 1.79 eV for 8% Ag doping level. For all PbS:Ag films, the photoluminescence spectrum emitted a strong near band edge (NBE) emission at approximately 580 nm, meaning better optical quality. Hall effect measurements evidenced that Ag doping provides enhancement on the characteristics of mobility, carrier concentration, and resistivity with p‐type conducting nature. The observed high carrier concentration and low resistivity values were 4.32 × 1014 cm−3 and 80 Ωcm, for 6% Ag‐doped PbS film. The FTO/CdS/PbS:Ag heterostructure solar cell was formed from 6% Ag‐doped film.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…PbS:Ag films' lattice constants ( a ) is calculated by the following relationship