Analysis of Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Factors in 39 Cases of Bladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Abstract

BNEC is one of the most malignant tumors with severe invasiveness and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CD56, Syn, CgA, NSE, TTF-1, CK, CK7, CK20, P63, HMB45, S-100 protein and LCA immune markers play important roles in diagnosis and differentiation. Many factors, including the patient's age, size and shape of the tumor, operative method, perineuronal invasion, vascular invasion, distant organ metastasis and pathological type, show great difference in influencing OS time of patients, among which the size of the tumor, no invasion, vascular invasion and distant organ metastasis are independent risk factors affecting prognosis (survival time). Radical cystectomy is the prior alternative to treat this tumor.

Classifying Pulmonary and Urinary High-grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma by CK7 Immunohistochemistry

“…In the genitourinary system, SmCC has been reported to be reactive to both CK7 and pan-CK but mostly positive for dot-like staining patterns 32–34. LCNEC, on the other hand, has a specific strong CK7 staining expression in tumor cells 5,28…”

“…[32][33][34] LCNEC, on the other hand, has a specific strong CK7 staining expression in tumor cells. 5,28 SmCC and LCNEC are both aggressive tumor, but need to be treated differently. 6 Therefore, distinguishing SmCC and LCNEC is very important for clinicians, especially pathologists.…”

“…Similarly, there are also 4 main types of primary neuroendocrine tumors of the urinary tract, including SmCC, LCNEC, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, and paraganglioma 2,3. Compared with the more indolent well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and paraganglioma, both SmCC and LCNEC are more aggressive malignancies, referred to as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC) 2,4,5. Although both clinically aggressive, SmCC and LCNEC require different treatment strategies 6.…”

“…2,3 Compared with the more indolent well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and paraganglioma, both SmCC and LCNEC are more aggressive malignancies, referred to as high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (HGNEC). 2,4,5 Although both clinically aggressive, SmCC and LCNEC require different treatment strategies. 6 SmCC is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and local consolidation is often achieved with radiation.…”

Bladder Cancer Sample Handling and Reporting: Pathologist's Point of View

“…From a clinical point of view, the cases with a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma component, are managed as small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma ( 26 , 27 ). Few data exist about large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, but they should probably be treated in the same way ( 28 ). Moreover, the ICCR suggested indicating neuroendocrine carcinoma component percentage because it influences carcinoma treatments, particularly the use of newest treatment, such as immunotherapy ( 19 , 20 ).…”