Analysis of Clinical Characteristic and Risk Factors for Short-Term Prognosis of Moyamoya Disease with Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Adults

Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease

“…This may be due to the fact that IICP induced by severe IVH may result in inflammation and secondary brain injury that could further aggravate vicious IICP cycle. In a recent study, Tong et al analyzed MMD with IVH in adults and reported that a higher Graeb score was a significant risk factor for poor prognosis (mRS > 2); however, our multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between these variables 3) . Moreover, in their study on the short-term prognostic factors for adult patients with hemorrhagic MMD, Yu et al suggested SAH and IPH as predictors of poor functional outcomes; however, we found no statistically significant associations 10) .…”

“…IVH can disrupt cerebrospinal fluid absorption, causing acute obstructive hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure, and neurological deterioration 11) . In some studies, early surgical interventions such as EVD insertion or craniotomy and hematoma removal have shown protective effects and improved functional outcomes at short-term compared with conservative treatment 3,12) . However, our data suggest that IVH-related acute hydrocephalus requiring EVD placement is an independent risk factor related to poor prognosis at discharge.…”

“…MMD-related spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is different from primary spontaneous ICH in that the hemorrhage volume is usually less and the location frequently involves the ventricle 5) . A previous study suggests that in patients with hemorrhagic MMD with IVH, IVH severity measured by the Graeb scale is an independent risk factor for poor short-term outcomes 3) . However, only a few studies have focused on factors associated with hemorrhagic MMD, and, in this study, we analyzed several disease-related and patient-related prognostic factors of this unique disease entity.…”

“…Hemorrhagic MMD is a common subtype, particularly in adult patients, and has different clinical profiles from ischemic MMD 1,2) . Specifically, patients with hemorrhagic MMD are more likely to experience serious neurologic damage and consequently show worse prognosis 3,4) . Surgical revascularization and other medical treatments may be beneficial for patients with MMD; however, these treatment options can only be considered if they show favorable outcomes.…”