Analysis of clenbuterol residues in pig liver using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

The liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for determination of clenbuterol residues in liver tissue as a regulatory matrix for the control of clenbuterol abuse as an anabolic. To investigate the level of clenbuterol residues during the withdrawal period, male food-producing pigs were exposed to subchronic repeat oral administration of a clenbuterol growth-promoting dose for 28 days. The analytical procedure showed acceptable validation results for all liver spiked samples analyzed and proved to be useful as a quantifi cation and confi rmation method in supporting regulatory enforcement programs of clenbuterol misuse monitoring. The highest level of clenbuterol in the liver of treated animals was recorded on day 0 of treatment cessation (21.58 ± 14.29 ng/g), followed by 6.59 ± 3.11 ng/g on day 3, 0.83 ± 0.27 ng/g on day 7, and 0.44 ± 0.08 ng/g on day 14 of withdrawal. At the end of the study period (day 35), the concentration of clenbuterol was below the method limit of detection ( < 0.1 ng/g).

Food Analysis: Present, Future, and Foodomics

“…This is the case of liquid chromatography online coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) which have been extensively applied to ensure food safety [52,53], particularly to analyze antimicrobials residues in food of animal origin [54], antibiotics in food samples [55], clenbuterol residues [56], food allergens [57], and so forth. Other hyphenated techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) have also found interesting applications to analyze essential oils [58] or food contaminants [59].…”

Sulfonated polystyrene magnetic nanobeads coupled with immunochromatographic strip for clenbuterol determination in pork muscle

“…Various methods have been developed to detect CLE. These methods include liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [4,5], gas chromatography coupled with MS [6], capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection [7], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [8], colloidal gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic assay (AuNPIA) [9,10], surface plasmon resonance [11], and surface-enhanced Raman scatter immunoassay [12]. Among these methods, AuNPIA is the most popular because of its simple operation, low cost, and rapidity (within 10 min); it has been successfully used to monitor CLE residue in swine urine.…”