Analysis of Circular Braiding Process, Part 1: Theoretical Investigation of Kinematics of the Circular Braiding Process

Zhang, Q.; Beale, David G.; Broughton, R. M.

doi:10.1115/1.2832687

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Zhang et al [4,5] reported that the discrepancy between kinematic models and experiments increases with the friction and the number of spools. They modeled the axisymmetrical braiding process with a cylindrical mandrel and a 64-carrier machine.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A yarn interaction model for circular braiding

Ravenhorst

Akkerman

2016

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Machine control data for the automation of the circular braiding process has been generated using previously published mathematical models that neglect yarn interaction. This resulted in a significant deviation from the required braid angle at mandrel cross-sectional changes, likely caused by an incorrect convergence zone length, in turn caused by this neglect. Therefore the objective is to use a new model that includes the yarn interaction, assuming an axisymmetrical biaxial process with a cylindrical mandrel and Coulomb friction. Experimental validation with carbon yarns and a 144 carrier machine confirms a convergence zone length decrease of 25% with respect to a model without yarn interaction for the case analyzed, matching the model prediction using a coefficient of friction of around 0.3.

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A yarn interaction model for circular braiding

Ravenhorst

Akkerman

2016

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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“…Ko, Pastore, and Head (1989) wrote an industrial handbook that discussed in detail materials, formation, structural geometry, and engineering analysis of braids. Zhang, Beale, and Broughton (1999) found the motions of yarns, including relative sliding motion and twist motion in the convergent zone, to be important quantities in braid kinematics that impact the final braid structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fault detection in braiding utilizing low‐cost USB machine vision

Branscomb

Beale

2011

Journal of the Textile Institute

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Journal of the Textile InstituteThis paper investigates the effect of yarn tension on braid formation point (braid point) motion. A computercontrolled take-up machine is developed to facilitate braiding experiments. The results of several experiments are used to recognize tension aberrations that lead to poor quality and wasted product. Optimal braid performance is observed, which serves as the baseline for comparing the behavior of faults. By studying the effects of common faults, a diagnostic tool is developed to recognize the onset of defects and provide some insight into what might be causing the fault. Radial fluctuation of braid point position is a good indicator of mechanical faults of the tensioning mechanisms. Observations based on mechanical and visual methods are also presented as diagnostic tools. From visual observations, it can be concluded that as the tension in one yarn increases with each revolution, the radial fluctuation increases until a yarn breaks. From mechanical observations, it can be concluded that the fluctuation in motor speed increases until the point when the yarn breaks. Through this study, braid point motion can be used as a diagnostic for shutting down the machine before irreversible damage occurs.

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“…Zhang et al [16] presented a kinematic model of yarn motion within the 'convergent zone' in a circular braid, focusing on the effects of yarn straightness and frictional forces on final yarn distribution. Kessels and Akkerman [17] and Akkerman and Villa-Rodríguez [18] developed modelling approaches to predict the final fibre angle on complex arbitrary biaxial braided preforms, accompanied by experimental validation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical studies on the braiding of carbon fibres over structured end-fittings for the design and manufacture of high performance hybrid shafts

Sun

Kawashita

Wollmann

et al. 2018

Prod. Eng. Res. Devel.

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Braiding is an attractive manufacturing method for tubular elements such as hollow shafts and struts. One of the main challenges however is the integration of suitably performing end-fittings. Recent advances in additive layer manufacture have enabled the fabrication of end-fittings which can be 'co-impregnated' or 'co-cured' with the fibre preform in a single step, i.e. without the need for secondary adhesive bonding. This requires the introduction of protrusions onto the surface of the end-fitting to promote mechanical interlocking with the fibres. However, the lack of accurate modelling tools for the simulation of this manufacturing process means that much empiricism is currently used in the design of such structures. A novel numerical framework is presented here for the full-scale simulation of the braiding process over structured end-fittings. Nonlinear finite element analysis is applied at the meso-scale, with strands of beam elements representing individual yarns and meshed surfaces modelling the mandrel and tooling. Penalty-based contact formulations are then used to simulate all inter-yarn and yarn-metal interactions, enabling detailed predictions of fibre paths around surface protrusions. In order to verify and validate this numerical framework, a series of full-scale braiding experiments was conducted using additivelymanufactured thermoplastic mandrels. Final braid patterns as well as the occurrence of braid imperfections were investigated and compared to model predictions. It is shown that the proposed modelling strategy reproduces well the trends observed experimentally in terms of final braid quality. A parametric study was then conducted on the effects of initial end-fitting alignment with respect to oncoming yarns, suggesting that better control over this parameter could reduce considerably the occurrence of braid imperfections.

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Analysis of Circular Braiding Process, Part 1: Theoretical Investigation of Kinematics of the Circular Braiding Process

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

A yarn interaction model for circular braiding

A yarn interaction model for circular braiding

Fault detection in braiding utilizing low‐cost USB machine vision

Experimental and numerical studies on the braiding of carbon fibres over structured end-fittings for the design and manufacture of high performance hybrid shafts

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