Analysis of chronic diseases associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people in Mexico

Abstract

<p>The emergence of COVID-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in December 2019. It then spread in pandemic proportions, creating a human health emergency that was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, mainly through droplets of saliva, has been highly effective, depending on the viral variant. The present study provides clinical-epidemiological information on the general population without discriminating by socioeconomic and occupational factors. A total of 8507 positive cases, with 408384 official metadata, were analyzed. These cases correspond to the exponential phase of the first epidemic wave (March-June 2020) in Mexico. The cohort consisted of children and young people up to 20 years of age. The putative risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to chronic diseases were also analyzed. In this cohort, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 3%, with a 9% rate of active infections and a mortality rate of 1%. The greatest association was between COVID-19 and metabolic diseases, with 31%. This is the first study that analyzed the health conditions associated with COVID-19 infection in children and young people in Mexico during the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave, in the absence of acquired or induced immunity factors. The results, although preliminary, may contribute to the management of COVID-19 patients during the prevention and hospitalization stages. Given the sustained expansion of the epidemic and the greater availability of data, it would be useful to make an integrative analysis of the rural population, which has remained active in the labor market given that agriculture is considered an essential activity.</p>

Surveillance Web System and Mouthwash-Saliva qPCR for Labor Ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Prevention

“…Reliable protocols were provided for clinical pur-poses [1][2][3][4][5][6]8,15,24]. However, their application on ambulatory population surveillance has rational and operative drawbacks [6,10,11,13,25]. This research is a proof-of-concept of preventive surveillance based on the integration of two major system components (Figure 1): a suitable in-house RT-qPCR detection protocol using low-risk mouthwash-saliva selfcollected specimen, compatible with massive ambulatory testing through broad-spectrum molecular laboratories; and a real-time surveillance web-mobile application platform prototype supported by nine automatic decision-making algorithms (Supplementary Materials S2).…”

“…This preventive scope is critical on the underway shutdown-reopening socioeconomic approach forced by massive contagion, changes in virus prevalence, and new SARS-CoV-2 strains [9]. Success on COVID-19 mitigation under the uncertain 'new normality' must rely on surveillance approaches complementing clinical needs and medical developments by providing comprehensive population risk assessments [10,11]. Thus, we pursue this research to develop a safe, low-cost, in-house protocol for SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR-based detection using mouthwash-saliva self-collected specimens to achieve clinical and epidemiological purposes under a real-time web environment for effective ambulatory population surveillance.…”

COVID-19 Pandemic: A plant health vision of a multidimensional problem

“…COVID-19 en la salud humana. La sección CO-VID-19: El virus, enfermedad y epidemiología, incluye contribuciones que abordan las propiedades genómicas y patogénicas de SARS-CoV-2 (Garcia-Ruiz et al, 2021); implicación de enfermedades crónicas en la ocurrencia de COVID-19 en jóvenes mexicanos (Álvarez-Maya et al, 2021); un análisis retrospectivo comparativo entre epidemias de plantas y humanos como marco analítico de COVID-19 (Mora-Aguilera and Acevedo-Sánchez, 2021); riesgo de contaminación en alimentos procesados y semiprocesados a partir del manejo en empaques (Vargas-Arispuro et al, 2021); potenciales estrategias de sanitización con cloro y productos a base extractos cítricos (Muñoz-Castellanos et al, 2021;Schneegans-Vallejo et al, 2021); reflexiones sobre las implicaciones de COVID-19 en la evolución global de la fitosanidad (Gutiérrez-Samperio, 2021), y el significado cultural, social, y productivo desde la óptica de un productor de maíz y espárrago, Don Bernardino, de 85 años de edad (Cruces-Pedraza, 2021). Conclusiones principales de estos aportes se integran en Cuadro 1.…”

“…En una década (80´s) el porcentaje de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad creció 32.2%, en la actualidad se estima en 70% (Rivera et al, 2018). Estas enfermedades metabólicas, y las cardiovasculares constituyen factores de riesgo a la infección y mortalidad por SARS-CoV-2 (Álvarez-Maya et al, 2021;Garcia-Ruiz et al, 2021). Este es el contexto de la contribución de Álvarez-Maya y colaboradores (2021), los cuales analizaron el comportamiento epidemiológico del cohorte joven mexicano en la primera ola epidémica.…”