“…11 These BFRs and CFRs have been identified as mutagenic, carcinogenic, and extremely toxic, demanding for their urgent replacement with eco-friendly alternatives. 11,12 To address these problems, several nonhalogen based fire-retardants have been developed using inorganic metal hydrates (aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, and borax), 13−18 expandable graphite, 19,20 phosphorus, 10,21,22 nitrogen, 23,24 and silicon-based compounds, 25,26 and other nanocomposites. 7,27,28 Hydrated-sodium metaborate (SMB) is an inorganic metalhydrate that has barely been used as a flame-retardant despite possessing water molecules and boron in its structure, which could mitigate thermal degradation of wood and natural fibers.…”