Analysis of chemical composition and in vitro antidermatophyte activity of ethanol extracts of Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott

Liu, Xueping; Liu, Jiayuan; Jiang, Tao; Zhang, Lili; Huang, Yifei; Wan, Jiang-Fan; Song, Guoqiang; Lin, Haoqi; Shen, Zhi-Bin; Tang, Chunping

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.030

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In this study, the time-kill curves exhibited that PB exerted 100% reduction in the population of T. rubrum at 2 × MIC after 36 h of incubation. TBF as a positive control showed a similar effect by 24 h. These results implied that PB could inhibit the growth of T. rubrum, which resembled those of Liu et al [19], with regard to the decrease in the cell viability of T. rubrum after treatment with ethanol extracts of D. fragrans and TBF.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Similarly, Microsporum canis (M. canis) was found to be sensitive to the effective fraction of D. fragrans both in vivo and in vitro [17,18]. As discussed by Liu et al [19], HPLC-ESI-MS analysis was undertaken to reveal that fourteen compounds belonging to phloroglucinol are the main active ingredients of the effective fraction of D. fragrans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isoflavaspidic Acid PB Extracted from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott Inhibits Trichophyton rubrum Growth via Membrane Permeability Alternation and Ergosterol Biosynthesis Disruption

Zhang

Liu

Shen

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Isoflavaspidic acid PB (PB), a phloroglucinol derivative extracted from aerial parts of Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott, had antifungal activity against several dermatophytes. This study was aimed at exploring the antifungal mechanism of PB against Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). The effectiveness of PB in inhibiting T. rubrum growth was detected by time-kill kinetics study and fungal biomass determination. Studies on the mechanism of action were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), sorbitol and ergosterol assay, nucleotide leakage measurement, and UPLC-based test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fungicidal activity of PB was concentration- and time-dependent at 2 × MIC (MIC: 20 μg/mL) after 36 h. The total biomass of T. rubrum was reduced by 64.17%, 77.65%, and 84.71% in the presence of PB at 0.5 × MIC , 1 × MIC , and 2 × MIC , respectively. SEM analysis showed that PB changed mycelial morphology, such as shrinking, twisting, collapsing, and even flattening. TEM images of treated cells exhibited abnormal distributions of polysaccharide particles, plasmolysis, and cytoplasmic content degradation accompanied by plasmalemma disruption. There were no changes in the MIC of PB in the presence of sorbitol. However, the MIC values of PB were increased by 4-fold with exogenous ergosterol. At 4 h and 8 h, PB increased nucleotide leakage. Besides, ergosterol content in T. rubrum membrane treated with PB at 0.5 × MIC , 1 × MIC , and 2 × MIC was decreased by 9.58%, 15.31%, and 76.24%, respectively. There was a dose-dependent decrease in the squalene epoxidase (SE) activity. And the reduction in the sterol 14α-demethylase P450 (CYP51) activity was achieved after PB treatments at 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC . These results suggest that PB displays nonspecific action on the cell wall. The membrane damaging effects of PB were attributed to binding with ergosterol to increase membrane permeability and interfering ergosterol biosynthesis involved with the reduction of SE and CYP51 activities. Further study is needed to develop PB as a natural antifungal candidate for clinical use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflavaspidic Acid PB Extracted from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott Inhibits Trichophyton rubrum Growth via Membrane Permeability Alternation and Ergosterol Biosynthesis Disruption

Zhang

Liu

Shen

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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“…The 2‐methyl‐6‐butyryl phloroglucinol fragment was obtained by Friedel‐crafts acylation reaction under the catalysis of aluminum trichloride. The synthesis of 2‐methyl‐6‐butyryl phloroglucinol was optimized in our previous studies [15] . The compounds 4 a – 4 e reacted with 2‐methyl‐6‐butyryl phloroglucinol by condensation reaction to obtain A1 – A5 , the compounds B1 – B11 were obtained in combination with two fragments of compounds 4 a – 4 e .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott is a famous folk medicine used to treat a variety of diseases. So far, there are more than fifty phloroglucinol compounds isolated from Dryopteris, including monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, and tetracyclic compounds [10,15] . Monocyclic and bicyclic compounds were mostly studied, such as monocyclic compounds aspidinol and pseudoaspidinol, bicyclic compounds flavaspidic acid ( AB ), and albaspidin ( AA ) [16–18] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking of Bicyclic Phloroglucinol Derivatives

Yan

Lai

et al. 2021

ChemistrySelect

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Bicyclic phloroglucinol is a phenolic compound which mainly exist in Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott with antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, antifungal and antitumor activity. Although a series of anticancer agents target various tumors under clinical trials, different limitations hinder their clinical development and novel targeting chemical agents are required. Herein, we have made a number of modifications around the scaffold of the phloroglucinol. The results of antitumor activities reveal that compound A5 against A549 cells and compound A3 against HepG2 and McF‐7 cells were best with a degree of concentration dependence, which stronger than that of positive control 5‐FU, and compound A3 and A5 display lower cytotoxicity to normal cells. The molecule docking studies indicate protein Bcl‐xl and Mcl‐12 may be a potential target of these compounds. In general, A3 and A5 with potent binding affinity and good efficacy have the potential to develop into antitumor lead compounds which also deserve further study.

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“…The treatment of fungi with herbal medicine has become increasingly popular throughout the world. Schott ( Dryopteris fragrans ) is traditionally used in northern China to treat fungal infections and other skin diseases ( Liu et al, 2018 ). The inhibitory effect predominantly on T. rubrum may be related to the synergistic or cumulative effect of the flavanols distributed on the leaf surface ( Gomes et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study on Antifungal Mechanism of Aqueous Extract of Cnidium monnieri Against Trichophyton rubrum

et al. 2021

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Trichoderma rubrum (T. rubrum) is one of the important pathogens because it is the cause of most dermatomycosis. The treatment of Trichophyton rubrum infection is time-consuming and very expensive; it is easy for the infections to reoccur, leading to therapeutic failures, persistence, and chronic infection. These issues have inspired researchers to study natural alternative therapies instead. Cnidium monnieri (L.), as a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, has a variety of pharmacological activities and a wide range of applications, so it has a high potential for researching and economic value. We detected the effect of aqueous extract of C. monnieri (L.) on the activity of T. rubrum by Cell Count Kit-8 assay (CCK-8), and we found that 128 and 256 μg/ml of aqueous extracts of C. monnieri (L.) co-cultured with T. rubrum for 24 h showed the inhibitory effect on T. rubrum. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that aqueous extract of C. monnieri (L.) damaged the T. rubrum. At the same time, mass spectrometry screening with T. rubrum before and after the treatment of 256 μg/ml of aqueous extracts of C. monnieri (L.) showed that 966 differentially expressed proteins were detected, including 524 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 442 downregulated DEGs. The most significantly downregulated protein was chitin synthase (CHS); and the results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that the expression level of CHS was downregulated in the 256 μg/ml group compared with the control group. The study showed that the aqueous extract of C. monnieri (L.) could destroy the morphology of mycelia and the internal structure of T. rubrum, and it could inhibit the growth of T. rubrum. The antifungal effect of aqueous extract of C. monnieri (L.) may be related to the downregulation of the expression of CHS in T. rubrum, and CHS may be one of the potential targets of its antifungal mechanism. We concluded that aqueous extract from C. monnieri (L.) may be a potential candidate for antifungal agents.

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Analysis of chemical composition and in vitro antidermatophyte activity of ethanol extracts of Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Isoflavaspidic Acid PB Extracted from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott Inhibits Trichophyton rubrum Growth via Membrane Permeability Alternation and Ergosterol Biosynthesis Disruption

Isoflavaspidic Acid PB Extracted from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott Inhibits Trichophyton rubrum Growth via Membrane Permeability Alternation and Ergosterol Biosynthesis Disruption

New Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Molecular Docking of Bicyclic Phloroglucinol Derivatives

Preliminary Study on Antifungal Mechanism of Aqueous Extract of Cnidium monnieri Against Trichophyton rubrum

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