Analysis of Cationic Surfactants by Microbore High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Radke, Michael; Behrends, Thilo; Förster, Jürgen; Herrmann, Reimer

doi:10.1021/ac990453q

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(23 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Data for aqueous environments comprise data on surface water, usually river water, as well as one study on marine water, which was included in this data set (Ding and Liao 2001;Ferrer and Furlong 2002;Merino et al 2003b;Ding and Tsai 2003;UBA Wien 2005;Shrivas and Wu 2007;Bassarab et al 2011;Olkowska et al 2013;Radke et al 1999;Merino et al 2003b). The overall mean and median values for QAAC cumulative concentrations for wastewater equal 271 and 11 lg L -1 , respectively, and those for surface water equal 33 and 40 lg L -1 , respectively.…”

Section: Marine and Freshwater Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary ammonium compounds in soil: implications for antibiotic resistance development

Mulder

Siemens

Sentek

et al. 2017

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are surface-active, antimicrobial, high production volume (HPV) chemicals with a broad application in agriculture. This review provides a comprehensive overview of (1) predicted and measured concentrations of QACs in soils including their analysis, (2) sequestration mechanisms in soils based on their physicochemical properties and chemical structure, and (3) implications of concentrations and fate of QACs in soils for the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) for QACs that are applied to soils with manure are in the order of 3.5 mg kg -1 . Based on literature data, the median PEC of QAC in sewage sludge amended soils is 25 lg kg -1 . The positively charged QACs are mainly sorbed to clay minerals. We propose that QACs might be sequestered in the interlayer regions of layered silicates in clayrich soils, reducing their acute toxicity, while increasing their persistence. The release of sequestered QACs from soil can still potentially maintain concentration levels that are sufficient to develop antibiotic resistance in the environment.

show abstract

Section: Marine and Freshwater Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary ammonium compounds in soil: implications for antibiotic resistance development

Mulder

Siemens

Sentek

et al. 2017

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to effectively monitor CS + pollution, it is necessary to develop a convenient and appropriate fast analytical method for the separation and detection of these quaternary ammonium surfactants. The most common methods to determine CS + in environmental, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other samples are spectrophotometry,8, 9 high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),10 gas chromatography (GC),11 high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI/MS),12 and capillary electrophoresis (CE) 13, 14. These methods require large quantities of reagents and are time consuming and tedious in the analysis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid, sensitive and effective quantitative method for simultaneous determination of cationic surfactant mixtures from river and municipal wastewater by direct combination of single‐drop microextraction with AP‐MALDI mass spectrometry

Shrivas

2007

J. Mass Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A rapid, simple, sensitive, and effective quantitative method for simultaneous determination of cationic surfactants (CS(+)) from river and municipal wastewater by direct combination of single-drop microextraction (SDME) with atmospheric pressure (AP)-MALDI mass spectrometry has been successfully demonstrated without the requirements of tedious sample pre- or post-treatment or separation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This quantitative method can greatly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for analysis of small molecules of CS(+) owing to the strong suppression of matrix ions by the analytes. In addition, SDME assisted in the isolation and preconcentration of CS(+) from water samples, which could effectively reduce the background interferences from the matrices present in waste and river water. The SDME conditions were optimized for achieving high extraction efficiency of CS(+) from aqueous samples, in terms of solvent selection, stirring speed, extraction time, exposure volume of acceptor phase, and salt addition. The enrichment factors for CS(+) were found to be 40-64-folds for 7 min of extraction time with no salt addition and at room temperature. This method was found to yield a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 50 to 1500 microg/l CS(+) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 microg/l. The relative recoveries in river and municipal wastewater were found to be 93.8-103.6% and 91.0-98.7%, respectively. These results indicate that the combination of SDME with AP-MALDI/MS is effective for the simultaneous determination of CS(+) from river and municipal wastewater. In addition, a comparison of enrichments and LOD values for this method with hollow-fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was also demonstrated. The present approach is easy to operate, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for high-throughput of analysis.

show abstract

“…Since these surfactants containing different alkyl chain lengths are added as ingredients to end products such as shampoo and conditioners, it is of importance to develop analytical separation/detection methods in order to monitor the composition that can ultimately affect the performance of these end products. To date, the analysis of ATMA 1 has been accomplished using different methods such as GC-MS requiring conversion to tertiary amine [1][2][3], HPLC utilizing various detection such as chemiluminescent nitrogen [4], ESI-MS [5][6][7], and conductometric detection [8]. In addition, CE methods using indirect photometric detection [9][10][11][12][13] or MS detection [14] have also been employed for the analysis of ATMA As a recent alternative to these traditional methods of analysis, CEC is gaining recognition as a powerful separation technique that combines both electrophoretic separation based on charge-to-mass ratio, along with HPLC retention mechanisms including ion-exchange and hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions with a stationary phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrochromatography‐mass spectrometry of cationic surfactants

Norton¹,

Rizvi²,

Shamsi³

2006

Electrophoresis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The CEC-MS of alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMA+) ions with chain lengths ranging from C1-C18 is optimized using an internally tapered column packed with mixed mode reversed phase/strong cation exchange stationary phase. A systematic study of the CEC separation parameters is conducted followed by evaluation of the ESI-MS sheath liquid and spray chamber settings. First, the optimization of CEC separation parameters are performed including the ACN concentration, triethylamine (TEA) content, buffer pH and ammonium acetate concentration. Using 90% v/v ACN with 0.04% v/v TEA as mobile phase, the separation of longer chain C6-C18-TMA+ surfactants could be achieved in 15 min. Lowering the ACN concentration to 70% v/v provided resolution of shorter chain C1, C2-TMA+ from C6-TMA+ although the total analysis time increased to 40 min. Furthermore, variation of both the ACN and TEA content as well as ionic strength has found to significantly influence the retention of longer chain surfactants as compared to shorter chains. The optimum CEC conditions are 70% v/v ACN, 0.04% v/v TEA, pH 3.0 and 15 mM ammonium acetate. Next, the optimization of the ESI-MS sheath liquid composition is conducted comparing methanol to isopropanol followed by the use of experimental design for analysis of spray chamber parameters. Overall, the developed CEC-ESI-MS method allows quantitative and sensitive monitoring of ATMA+ from < or =10 microg/mL down to 10 ng/mL. Utilizing the optimized CEC-ESI-MS protocol, the challenging analysis of commercial sample Arquad S-50 ATMA+ containing cis-trans unsaturated and saturated soyabean fatty acid derivatives is demonstrated.

show abstract

Analysis of Cationic Surfactants by Microbore High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 52 publications

References 14 publications

Quaternary ammonium compounds in soil: implications for antibiotic resistance development

Quaternary ammonium compounds in soil: implications for antibiotic resistance development

A rapid, sensitive and effective quantitative method for simultaneous determination of cationic surfactant mixtures from river and municipal wastewater by direct combination of single‐drop microextraction with AP‐MALDI mass spectrometry

Capillary electrochromatography‐mass spectrometry of cationic surfactants

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About