A rapid, sensitive and effective quantitative method for simultaneous determination of cationic surfactant mixtures from river and municipal wastewater by direct combination of single‐drop microextraction with AP‐MALDI mass spectrometry

Abstract

A rapid, simple, sensitive, and effective quantitative method for simultaneous determination of cationic surfactants (CS(+)) from river and municipal wastewater by direct combination of single-drop microextraction (SDME) with atmospheric pressure (AP)-MALDI mass spectrometry has been successfully demonstrated without the requirements of tedious sample pre- or post-treatment or separation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). This quantitative method can greatly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for analysis of small molecules of CS(+) owing to the strong suppression of matrix ions by the analytes. In addition, SDME assisted in the isolation and preconcentration of CS(+) from water samples, which could effectively reduce the background interferences from the matrices present in waste and river water. The SDME conditions were optimized for achieving high extraction efficiency of CS(+) from aqueous samples, in terms of solvent selection, stirring speed, extraction time, exposure volume of acceptor phase, and salt addition. The enrichment factors for CS(+) were found to be 40-64-folds for 7 min of extraction time with no salt addition and at room temperature. This method was found to yield a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 50 to 1500 microg/l CS(+) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 microg/l. The relative recoveries in river and municipal wastewater were found to be 93.8-103.6% and 91.0-98.7%, respectively. These results indicate that the combination of SDME with AP-MALDI/MS is effective for the simultaneous determination of CS(+) from river and municipal wastewater. In addition, a comparison of enrichments and LOD values for this method with hollow-fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was also demonstrated. The present approach is easy to operate, rapid, sensitive, and suitable for high-throughput of analysis.

Quaternary ammonium compounds in soil: implications for antibiotic resistance development

“…Data for aqueous environments comprise data on surface water, usually river water, as well as one study on marine water, which was included in this data set (Ding and Liao 2001;Ferrer and Furlong 2002;Merino et al 2003b;Ding and Tsai 2003;UBA Wien 2005;Shrivas and Wu 2007;Bassarab et al 2011;Olkowska et al 2013;Radke et al 1999;Merino et al 2003b). The overall mean and median values for QAAC cumulative concentrations for wastewater equal 271 and 11 lg L -1 , respectively, and those for surface water equal 33 and 40 lg L -1 , respectively.…”

Functionalized‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a preconcentrating probe for rapid monitoring of cationic dyestuffs in environmental water using AP‐MALDI/MS

“…But the RSD acquired by present method was higher than other chromatographic techniques. This is a main drawback of MADLDI/MS and many authors have reported about this fact [20,21,43,44]. Thus we concluded that the current approach was superior in terms of sensitivity and significantly, free from the interferences of matrix present in the water samples.…”

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for quantitative determination of β-blocker drugs in one-drop of human serum sample

“…Recently, MALDI-MS has been applied for the monitoring of drugs and environmental toxicants due to its high sample throughput and easy operations [17][18][19][20]. The proposed method is rapid and cost effective for analysis of ␤-blocker drugs in serum samples.…”

“…Sample preparation in MALDI-MS is the most important step for obtaining a good quality spectrum, which could be helpful for easy identification of particular target compounds in complex samples. Several sample preparation methods are regularly practiced for the MALDI-MS analysis of drugs, proteins, and pollutants from complex matrices samples [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The most widely used techniques for the separation and preconcentration of trace amount of analytes include, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [21] and solid-phase extraction (SPE) [22].…”