Analysis of Cathepsin‐K Activity at Tooth and Dental Implant Sites and the Potential of This Enzyme in Reflecting Alveolar Bone Loss

Abstract

We suggest cathepsin-K as a biochemical parameter for monitoring periodontal/peri-implant alveolar bone loss.

Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid Analysis, Enzymes and Biomarkers: a Systemetic Review

“…Another enzyme associated with bone resorption is cathepsin-K, which is a protease that is released during the inflammatory process after tissue injury. Yamalik et al [54] showed that cathepsin-K activity was positively correlated with the volume of PISF where there was also inflammatory bone loss, indicating it could be a biomarker used to predict or assess peri-implant alveolar bone loss. Additional biomarkers for peri-implant bone loss have also been studied for peri-implant diseases.…”

Host Derived Enzymes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Periodontal Diagnostic Biomarker-Part 1: Review

“…Asidik bir ortamda Tip I kollajen ve osteonektin de dâhil olmak üzere, kemik matriksi proteinlerini etkin bir şekilde yok eden katepsin K, diğer sistein katepsin ve MMP'lerden daha kuvvetli bir kollajenaz aktivitesine sahiptir. 60 Kemik matriks yıkım sürecinde, sistein proteaz aktivitesinin yaklaşık %98'ini oluşturur. 61 DOS'daki katepsin K düzeyleri jinjivit ve sağlıklı bireylere göre kronik periodontitisli hastalarda daha yük-sektir ve periodontal tedavi sonrasında önemli öl-çüde azalma göstermiştir.…”

“…63 Bu özellikleri katepsin K'yı osteoklastik aktivite için iyi bir belirteç yapmaktadır. 60 Serin katepsinlerden katepsin G, PMN'lerin azurofilik granüllerinde bulunur. Aynı zamanda kimotripsin benzeri olarak bilinir, çünkü kimotripsin için tipik bir dizi sentetik substratlara etki eder ve benzer inhibitör tarafından inhibe edilir.…”

Biomarkers Associated With Periimplant Diseases

“…35 Another enzyme associated with bone resorption is cathepsin-K, which is a protease that is released during the inflammatory process after tissue injury. Yamalik et al 36 showed that cathepsin-K activity was positively correlated with the volume of PISF where there was also inflammatory bone loss, indicating it could be a biomarker used to predict or assess periimplant alveolar bone loss.…”

“…5 Prevalence of periimplant mucositis has been reported at 48% of implants followed for 9 to 14 years. 6 In contrast, reports for prevalence of peri-implantitis range from 6.61% over a period of 9 to 14 years, 6 to 23% over an observation period of 10 years, 7 and even up to 36.6% in a study of 8.4 years. 8 Clinically, both periimplant mucositis and peri-implantitis lesions can present with bleeding on probing (BOP) and/or suppuration, with probing depths (PDs) greater than 4 mm.…”