Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Adhering to Lung Surfactant

Kadoya, Chikara; Ogami, Akira; Morimoto, Yasuo; Myojo, Toshihiko; Oyabu, Takako; Nishi, Kenichiro; Yamamoto, Makoto; Todoroki, Motoi; Tanaka, Isamu

doi:10.2486/indhealth.ms1253

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It showed the same threshold as in saline flooded lung, which indicates that intrapulmonary surfactant does not have an influence on HIFU cavitation in lung. This is conclusive to literature where it has been found that surface tension of BAL is almost identical to water [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of HIFU induced cavitation on flooded lung parenchyma

Wolfram

Dietrich²,

Boltze

et al. 2017

J Ther Ultrasound

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BackgroundHigh intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has gained clinical interest as a non-invasive local tumour therapy in many organs. In addition, it has been shown that lung cancer can be targeted by HIFU using One-Lung Flooding (OLF). OLF generates a gas free saline-lung compound in one lung wing and therefore acoustic access to central lung tumours. It can be assumed that lung parenchyma is exposed to ultrasound intensities in the pre-focal path and in cases of misguiding. If so, cavitation might be induced in the saline fraction of flooded lung and cause tissue damage. Therefore this study was aimed to determine the thresholds of HIFU induced cavitation and tissue erosion in flooded lung.MethodsResected human lung lobes were flooded ex-vivo. HIFU (1,1 MHz) was targeted under sonographic guidance into flooded lung parenchyma. Cavitation events were counted using subharmonic passive cavitation detection (PCD). B-Mode imaging was used to detect cavitation and erosion sonographically. Tissue samples out of the focal zone were analysed histologically.ResultsIn flooded lung, a PCD and a sonographic cavitation detection threshold of 625 Wcm − 2(p r = 4, 3 MPa) and 3.600 Wcm − 2(p r = 8, 3 MPa) was found. Cavitation in flooded lung appears as blurred hyperechoic focal region, which enhances echogenity with insonation time. Lung parenchyma erosion was detected at intensities above 7.200 Wcm − 2(p r = 10, 9 MPa).ConclusionsCavitation occurs in flooded lung parenchyma, which can be detected passively and by B-Mode imaging. Focal intensities required for lung tumour ablation are below levels where erosive events occur. Therefore focal cavitation events can be monitored and potential risk from tissue erosion in flooded lung avoided.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40349-017-0099-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of HIFU induced cavitation on flooded lung parenchyma

Wolfram

Dietrich²,

Boltze

et al. 2017

J Ther Ultrasound

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“…In vitro studies have suggested that NiONPs induce pulmonary inflammation and genotoxic effects in lung cells 2‐5 . In our previous studies of intratracheal instillation of NiO particles administered to rats, samples of NiO particles with smaller diameters showed stronger inflammatory changes, 6,7 so we administered NiONPs to examine their inflammatory responses in rat lungs 8,9 . Inflammatory responses associated with NiONPs were stronger at three days after termination of a 4‐week inhalation exposure than at three days after an intratracheal instillation 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes over time in pulmonary inflammatory response in rat lungs after intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles

Nishi

Kadoya

Ogami

et al. 2020

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objective Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) are representative metal oxide NPs and are categorized as an insoluble nickel compound. Our previous studies suggested that NiONPs have more pulmonary toxicity than micron‐sized NiO because they may dissolve slowly and produce many more Ni ions. We confirmed the hypothesis that the slow dissolution of NiONPs induces a change in inflammatory response over time. Method We reanalyzed our previous data on intratracheally instilled NiONP to rats and focused on Ni retention in the lungs and the lung weight ratio for each rat to the mean of control rat lungs. We also measured the solubility of NiONPs and micron‐sized NiO samples by means of an artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH 4.5). Results The in vivo test of instilled NiONPs resulted in the biomarkers reaching their peak values at 1 week or 1 month, and not at 3 days, after instillation. We found that as the NiO mass in the lung increased, the lung weight ratios tended to increase. The relationships shifted to more toxic at 3 days to 1 month ( P < .01). Compared to the dissolution of NiONPs in the ALF that took roughly 1 week, the dissolution of NiONPs in vivo was take about 1 month or more. Conclusion When intratracheally instilled NiONPs dissolve slowly in the phagolysosomes of alveolar macrophages (AM), the resulting Ni ions cause the AM to transform into foamy cells at 1 month, and the inflammatory response persists even at 3 months after instillation.

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“…76,100,101 Increased levels of SP-D, total protein, and phospholipids and decreased surface tension were detected in the BALF after NiO NP exposure. 44,[102][103][104] NiO NP exposure also caused a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in rat lungs. 101 Environmental Science: Nano Critical review can recruit eosinophils in the lungs of rats by the direct release of intracellular eotaxin, but it was not related to the levels of total IgE and anaphylatoxins.…”

Section: Pulmonary Effects Of Nio Nps On Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%