Analysis of Bisphenol a in Indonesian Canned Food by Gas Chromatography

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to design and optimize a gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method to determine the bisphenol A (BPA) content in Indonesian canned food samples.Methods: GC with Hewlett-Packard-1 capillary columns (length, 30 m; inside diameter, 0.25 mm; and film thickness, 0.25 µm) was used with a column temperature of 150°C that was programmed to increase by 10°C/min to 260°C. Injector and detector temperatures were 280 and 300°C, respectively, the gas flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and injection volume was 3.0 µL. Three types of canned food samples were prepared by ethyl acetate extraction and stored under four different conditions (4-8°C, 25-30°C, 40°C for 30 min, and 40°C for 60 min) to determine BPA migration levels.Results: Method validation (system compatibility, selectivity, calibration curve linearity, accuracy, and precision) was acceptable for BPA concentrations ranging from 2 to 15 μg/mL, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.99983. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.287 and 0.956 μg/mL, respectively. Only one canned food sample type (Group A) showed BPA contamination under all storage conditions and exceeded the recommended guidelines for daily ingestion. Conclusion:The optimized GC-FID method was selective and relatively sensitive in the detection and quantitation of BPA. Furthermore, higher storage temperatures and durations increased the level of BPA migration into food.

Comprehensive In Vitro Metabolism Study of Bisphenol A Using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…Different in vivo samples have also been analyzed, such as urine, , serum, breast milk, and pregnancy-associated fluids . Several techniques have been applied to detect and quantify BPA and its metabolites from different biological matrices by LC-MS, GC-FID, GC-MS, and ELISA . Previous work has been nicely reviewed. , Despite the large number of studies on BPA over the years, questions remain regarding its safety and actual human and environmental exposure levels.…”

“…15 Different in vivo samples have also been analyzed, such as urine, 16,17 serum, 18 breast milk, 19 and pregnancy-associated fluids. 20 Several techniques have been applied to detect and quantify BPA and its metabolites from different biological matrices by LC-MS, 21 GC-FID, 22 GC-MS, 23 and ELISA. 24 Previous work has been nicely reviewed.…”