Analysis of bioactive compounds of three sea buckthorn cultivars (Hippophaë rhamnoides L. ‘Askola’, ‘Leikora’, and ‘Orangeveja’) with HPLC and spectrophotometric methods

Abstract

Sea buckthorn (SBT) fruit is rich in biologically active compounds. It has considerable health benefits, thus it can serve as functional food ingredient. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize the fruit quality traits of three SBT cultivars ('Leikora', 'Askola', 'Orangeveja') grown in Hungary by determining their physicochemical (refraction, titratable acid content, sugar/acid ratio, carbohydrate profile) and antioxidant parameters (by spectrophotometric methods: FRAP, DPPH, and by HPLC method: β-carotene content, phenolic compounds). The statistical analysis was made by SPSS 14.0. Univariate analyses were made to separate the homogenous groups using the Duncan test. Significant differences were shown in the refraction of the cultivars (5.6-7.9 °Brix) and in their titratable acid content (2.35-3.07%), but no statistically significant difference has been found in the sugar/acid ratio (2.41-2.57). Glucose (9.56-12.9 mg L-1) was the main carbohydrate component of the studied cultivars. In addition to that, we detected fructose (1.39-5.4 mg L-1) and mannitol (1.77-9.24 mg L-1). The antioxidant state of the studied cultivars could be well-characterized by their TPC (186-381 mg GAS 100 g-1), DPPH (60.37-79.1 µg Trolox L-1), FRAP (3335-4887 µg AA mL-1) and by their β-carotene content (0.37-0.92 mg mL-1); however no significant correlation was found among these antioxidant parameters. We determined the content of quercetin derivatives in the fruits of the SBT genotypes, such as the rutin (22.12-27.52 mg 100 g-1), quercitrin glucoside (50.19-57.72 mg 100 g-1), quercetin dihydrate (5.11-6.45 mg 100 g-1), quercitrin hydrate (1.59-3.34 mg 100 g-1) content, cinnamic acid (78.18-88.93 µg 100 g-1) and epicatechin (456.73-488.05 mg 100 g-1). We concluded that the antioxidant properties are defined by both the genotype and by the climatic and growing conditions. The fruits of the cultivars 'Leikora' and 'Orangeveja' can be used as raw material of functional food products, according to their fruit quality traits.

Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity of Berries and Leaves from Four Romanian Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.) Varieties

“…The analyses of Kumar et al [29] indicated that sea buckthorn leaf extract was rich in rutin, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol, which is similar to those identified in the Romanian varieties in this study. The results of this study were also similar to those determined by Ficzek et al [15] for berries of the German sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) cultivars "Leikora" and "Askola", and the Siberian cultivar "Orangeveja" with quercetin derivatives, such as the rutin, quercetin glucoside, quercetin dihydrate, quercitrin hydrate, and cinnamic acid being reported.…”

“…The dominant flavonol identified in this study were also the major compounds identified by Ficzek et al and Kumar et al [15,29]. The analyses of Kumar et al [29] indicated that sea buckthorn leaf extract was rich in rutin, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol, which is similar to those identified in the Romanian varieties in this study.…”

“…sinensis. A glucose/fructose ratio between 1:1 and 1:10 has been reported for sea buckthorn [15], and in this study, the glucose/fructose ratio was at the lower end of those values ranging from 1:1 in the Colosal variety to 1:2.4 in SF6.…”

“…Therefore, based on the results of this, and previous studies, sea buckthorn berries have high polyphenol content which varies depending on their genetic background, and the growing and climatic conditions [15,19,23,24]. Hence, although the varieties of sea buckthorn used in this study may differ from those in previous reports, the patterns and levels exhibited by the total phenolic contents of the varieties studied were not dissimilar to the results reported in previous studies.…”

Bioactive compounds and color of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) purees as affected by heat treatment and high-pressure homogenization

“…TP contents in berries of LOTTA (137 mg GAE/100 g fw) and SOL (195 mg GAE/100 g fw) ( Table 1) were in the same range as found in sea buckthorn grown in the Slovak republic (70-362 mg GAE/100 g/ fw) [12] and in Hungary (186-381 mg GAE/100 g fw) [45] , but much lower than found in some other studies, e.g. TP in wild sea buckthorn from trans-Himalaya was reported to be from 1000 to 10 000 mg GEA/100 g. [46] TP measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu's assay is a measure of all reducing compounds in a sample, not only the phenolic compounds, and is as such a measure of total antioxidant activity of the sample.…”