Analysis of apoplastic proteins expressed during net form net blotch of barley

Abstract

The net form net blotch (NFNB) is a significant disease of barley. Its causal agent, Pyrenophora teres f. teres (PTT), has an important economic impact on yield and grain quality globally. However, the molecular interaction between PTT and barley is not fully understood. The plant-pathogen encounter comprises the secretion of diverse molecules involved in plant defence, including pathogenicity-related proteins, and fungal attack, such as proteinaceous toxins called effectors. The forefront of the molecular crosstalk between plant and fungus is the space between plant cells or apoplast. To explore the suitability of studying apoplastic proteins to assist understanding the host-pathogen interaction, a mass spectrometry-based proteomics technique was used to profile apoplastic protein differences in control and NFNB-infected leaves in a susceptible cultivar. The analysis revealed 1130 barley proteins, of which 140 were found to be significantly differentially expressed. This paper presents an overview of the major protein changes induced in the barley apoplast and discusses the involvement of individual proteins in defence and disease development. Our results suggest that the fungus may be hijacking defence signalling pathways. This investigation provides the first in vivo proteomics data for a NFNB-barley interaction, setting a background for further studies.

Effectiveness of fungicides with different modes of action against net blotch disease of two-rowed spring barley

“…Although the fungus is hemi-biotrophic having the ability to shift from biotrophy to necrotrophy, the necrotrophic stage is predominant. During plant-pathogen interaction over 100 barley proteins are significantly differentially expressed (Hassett et al, 2020). Pyrenophora teres can survive on plant debris from a season to the next (Figure 1).…”

Leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis) triggers substantial changes in rye (Secale cereale L.) at the transcriptome and metabolome levels

“…Thus, the roles for XTHs during responses to cell wall-degrading pathogens seem obvious. Indeed, the protective effects of XTHs have been confirmed in plants infected with certain fungal pathogens, including F. graminearum [ 86 ], Pyrenophora teres [ 87 ], and Macrophomina phaseolina [ 88 ]. The observed down-regulated expression of XTH-encoding genes was in accordance with the findings of earlier studies on the expression of these genes.…”

Apoplastomes of contrasting cacao genotypes to witches’ broom disease reveals differential accumulation of PR proteins

“…Peroxidase 70 was exclusively detected in Catongo FD, peroxidase A2 was up-accumulated in Catongo and CCN-51 GH, and peroxidase 10 was exclusively detected in CCN-51 GH. The expression of two peroxidases was increased in the apoplast of barley infected by the pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Hassett et al, 2020). This protein plays an important role against pathogens in the initial stages of infection, acting as an antioxidant enzyme, and also actively participates in cell wall synthesis and remodeling (Hiraga et al, 2001;dos Santos and Franco, 2023).…”

“…The apoplastic protein content of the plant is modified during plant–pathogen interaction ( Martínez-González et al., 2018 ). Many studies have aimed to understand this modulation in order to gain better knowledge of the behavior of both the pathogen, by interfering in the plant’s defense, and of the plant whose normal development is impaired ( Martínez-González et al., 2018 ; Wang and Wang, 2018 ; Hassett et al., 2020 ). The advent of omics technologies, particularly proteomics, has helped to elucidate cellular responses involved in different biological conditions ( Mares et al., 2016 , Mares et al., 2017 , Mares et al., 2020 ; de Almeida et al., 2023 ; de Oliveira et al., 2024 ; Zugaib et al., 2023 ).…”