Analysis of anodic oxide films on niobium

Magnussen, N.; Quinones, L.; Dufner, D. C.; Cocke, D. L.; Schweikert, E. A.; Patnaik, B.; Leite, C. V. Barros; Baptista, G.B.

doi:10.1021/cm00002a011

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…39 Both the potassium and sodium spectra were found to consist of a single component spectrum that can be correlated to the KNN structure. Notably, as expected, the K2p spectrum showed the spin orbital pair corresponding to 2p 40,41 Moreover, the O1s spectrum could be de-convoluted into two components with binding energies at 530.7 eV and 532.5 eV, 42 which correspond to the O 22 ions in the structure of different niobium oxides, and the adventitious C-O bonds adsorbed on to the sample surface, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of the different post-annealing treatments on the composition of the thin films was examined by de-convoluting the Nb3d core level XPS spectra in corresponding spin orbital pairs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…XPS spectrum for Nb3d shows three different spin orbital pairs, corresponding to three different niobium species: (i) NbOδ where 1<δ<2 at 204.3 eV; (ii) NbO2 at 205.8 eV; and (iii) Nb2O5 phase present in KNN (henceforth called Nb-KNN) at 207.7 eV. 40,41 Moreover, O1s spectrum could be de-convoluted into two components with binding energies at 530.7 eV and 532.5 eV, 42 which correspond to O 2ions in the structure of different niobium oxides, and the adventitious C-O bonds adsorbed on to the sample surface, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkali ratio control for lead-free piezoelectric thin films utilizing elemental diffusivities in RF plasma

et al. 2013

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High performance piezoelectric thin films are generally lead-based, and find applications in sensing, actuation, and transduction in realms of biology, nanometrology, acoustics, and energy harvesting. Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is considered to be the most promising lead-free alternative, but is hindered by the inability to control and attain perfect stoichiometry materials in thin film form while using practical large area deposition techniques. In this work, we identify the contribution of elemental diffusivities in radio frequency (RF) plasma in determining alkali loss in KNN thin films. We have also examined the effect of substrate temperature during the RF-magnetron sputtering deposition on the crystal structure of the substrate and KNN thin films, as well as the effect of post-annealing treatments.These results indicate the need for well-designed source materials and the potential to use deposition partial pressures to alter dopant concentrations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali ratio control for lead-free piezoelectric thin films utilizing elemental diffusivities in RF plasma

et al. 2013

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“…This supports the prepared structure being an amorphous phase. The XPS measurements show Nb 3d 3/2 at 207.4 eV and O 1s at 530.5 eV (figure 3(b)), which correspond to the binding energy of Nb 2 O 5 [23,24]. 4 The XRD and XPS results indicate that the anodically prepared niobium oxide consists of amorphous Nb 2 O 5 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Porous niobium oxide films prepared by anodization–annealing–anodization

et al. 2007

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In this paper, a method to prepare anodic porous niobium oxide with a thickness of more than half a micrometre is described in terms of delaying the chemical dissolution of the formed oxide in fluorinated electrolytes either by controlling the anodization temperature or by making a protective oxide. It was revealed that both the growth rate and the dissolution rate in the formation of porous niobium oxide films increase as the anodization temperature increases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show that the anodically prepared niobium oxide consists of amorphous Nb 2 O 5 .For the strategy to make protective oxide, self-ordered nanoporous niobium oxide with double layers consisting of an outer layer of around 90-130 nm and an inner layer of around 300-400 nm is prepared by anodization-annealing-anodization. We believe that the outer oxide, which undergoes annealing, plays the role of a protective layer for the formation of the inner oxide film grown underneath the outer layer, leading to anodic niobium oxide with a thickness greater than that obtained by single anodization.

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“…The stoichiometry of niobium oxide and the oxidation of niobium metal are of considerable interest, especially in the realm of superconductivity. Niobium oxide is known to exist in three principal forms: Nb 2 O 5 , NbO 2 , and NbO, but several suboxides of the form NbO x ( x < 1) are also known, and the structure of many of these have been reported. 22a,b In the present case however since the nature of the oxide is amorphous, it was not possible to ascertain the exact phase of the niobium oxide layer sheathing the IF-Mo 1 - x Nb x S 2 nanoparticles. A summary of all the data is presented in Table comparing the 2H-MoS 2 (2H-NbS 2 ), IF-MoS 2 (IF-NbS 2 ), and the IF-Mo 1 - x Nb x S 2 nanoparticles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerene-Like (IF) Nb_xMo₁_-_xS₂ Nanoparticles

Deepak

Cohen

et al. 2007

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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IF-Mo1-xNbxS2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a vapor-phase reaction involving the respective metal halides with H2S. The IF-Mo1-xNbxS2 nanoparticles, containing up to 25% Nb, were characterized by a variety of experimental techniques. Analysis of the powder X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and different electron microscopy techniques shows that the majority of the Nb atoms are organized as nanosheets of NbS2 within the MoS2 host lattice. Most of the remaining Nb atoms (3%) are interspersed individually and randomly in the MoS2 host lattice. Very few Nb atoms, if any, are intercalated between the MoS2 layers. A sub-nanometer film of niobium oxide seems to encoat the majority of the nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the chemically resolved electrical measurement mode (CREM) and scanning probe microscopy measurements of individual nanoparticles show that the mixed IF nanoparticles are metallic independent of the substitution pattern of the Nb atoms in the lattice of MoS2 (whereas unsubstituted IF-MoS2 nanoparticles are semiconducting). Furthermore the IF-Mo1-xNbxS2 nanoparticles are found to exhibit interesting single electron tunneling effects at low temperatures.

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Analysis of anodic oxide films on niobium

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Alkali ratio control for lead-free piezoelectric thin films utilizing elemental diffusivities in RF plasma

Alkali ratio control for lead-free piezoelectric thin films utilizing elemental diffusivities in RF plasma

Porous niobium oxide films prepared by anodization–annealing–anodization

Fullerene-Like (IF) Nb_xMo₁_-_xS₂ Nanoparticles

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Analysis of anodic oxide films on niobium

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Alkali ratio control for lead-free piezoelectric thin films utilizing elemental diffusivities in RF plasma

Alkali ratio control for lead-free piezoelectric thin films utilizing elemental diffusivities in RF plasma

Porous niobium oxide films prepared by anodization–annealing–anodization

Fullerene-Like (IF) NbxMo1-xS2 Nanoparticles

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Product

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Fullerene-Like (IF) Nb_xMo₁_-_xS₂ Nanoparticles