Analysis of ankle protection in Association football

Ankrah, S.; Mills, N. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02843972

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previous studies which have examined human limb impact response have typically either examined the lower leg (Ankrah & Mills, 2003;Ankrah & Mills, 2004;Francisco et al, 2000), with particular regards to tibia impacts or considered high strain rate ballistic impacts (Bergeron et al, 2006). Hrysomallis (2009) reported a study of impact response of a human thigh segment (Hrysomallis, 2009), in which both human volunteers and cadavers were tested but further directly comparable data is scarce.…”

Section: Computational Model Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…force, pressure) to consider (Benier & Jokl, 2001). Ankrah & Mills (2004) suggested a value of 1MPa could be considered as a metric to represent the onset of contusions, however a recent study by Desmoulin & Anderson (2011) showed a human participant experienced far greater pressures (up to 4.52MPa) without a visible bruise. One of the main issues with such approaches are that there are no common measures for evaluating the effects of the impacts; Desmoulin & Anderson, qualitatively assessed the size and colour of bruises, though this is suggested to be very site dependent and can vary based on the capillary densities.…”

Section: External Relevance Of Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

Payne

Mitchell

Bibb

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Section: Computational Model Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: External Relevance Of Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

Payne

Mitchell

Bibb

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…PPE and crash mats typically contain compliant material (i.e., foam) to cushion impacting bodies. A stiff shell in PPE can spread concentrated loads [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Density and Modulus in Auxetic Foam Fabrications—Implications for Impact and Indentation Testing

Duncan¹,

Allen²,

Foster³

et al. 2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Foams are commonly used for cushioning in protective sporting equipment. Volumetrically compressing open-cell polyurethane foam buckles cell ribs creating a re-entrant structure-set by heating then cooling-which can impart auxetic behaviour. Theoretically, auxetic materials improve impact protection by increasing indentation resistance and energy absorption, potentially reducing sporting injuries and burdens on individuals, health services and national economies. In previous work, auxetic foam exhibited ~3 to ~8 times lower peak force (compared to its conventional counterpart) under impacts adopted from tests used to certify protective sporting equipment. Increases to the foam's density and changes to stress/strain relationships (from fabrication) mean Poisson's ratio's contribution to reduced peak forces under impact is unclear. This work presents a simple fabrication method for foam samples with comparable density and linear stress/strain relationship, but different Poisson's ratios ranging between 0.1 and −0.3, an important step in assessing the Poisson's ratio's contribution to impact force attenuation.

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“…All these models have been used previously when modelling sports equipment e.g., [9][10][11][12]. The Prony series coefficients and linear viscoelastic model parameters were obtained through matching to the first 20 s of the 50% compression stress relaxation data after full compression was achieved (Figure 1d).…”

Section: Finite Element Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first 20 s of data was used because when the full 600 s was trialed, although the coefficients were different, the impact model results were the same. The shell was assigned a linear elastic material model with a density of 970 kg/m 3 , Young's Modulus of 0.3 GPa and a Poisson's Ratio of 0.4, as used elsewhere for HDPE [12].…”

Section: Finite Element Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Model of an Impact on a Palmar Pad from a Snowboard Wrist Protector

Newton-Mann

Winwood

Driscoll

et al. 2018

The 12th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association

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Wrist injuries are the most common types of injury in snowboarding. Protectors can reduce injury risk by limiting wrist hyperextension and attenuating impact forces. There are a range of wrist protector concepts available, but it is unclear if any particular design is more effective. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a finite element model of an impact on the palmar pad from a protector. Pad material from a protector was characterised to obtain stress vs strain data, and determine whether it was rate dependent. Material data was implemented into a finite element model to predict impact behavior at 2.5 J. Four material models were investigated, with an Ogden model paired with a Prony series providing the best agreement to experimental data. Future work will build a model of a complete protector for predicting the protective levels of these products.

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Analysis of ankle protection in Association football

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

The evaluation of new multi-material human soft tissue simulants for sports impact surrogates

Controlling Density and Modulus in Auxetic Foam Fabrications—Implications for Impact and Indentation Testing

Finite Element Model of an Impact on a Palmar Pad from a Snowboard Wrist Protector

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