Analysis of ammonium nitrate headspace by on-fiber solid phase microextraction derivatization with gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Lubrano, Adam L.; Andrews, Benjamin; Hammond, Mark; Collins, Greg E.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.054

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Also, during the course of military activities such as the manufacturing, packing and storage of ammunitions, mainly these materials leak to water resources, soils, and air and develop into some environmental contamination . Numerous techniques (e. g. gas chromatography (GC) , fluorescence , X‐ray diffraction, mass spectrometry (MS) , electron capture detection and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) have been used to detect explosive materials in different forms, i. e., vapor or solution, but these techniques have been either expensive or time‐intensive methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polypyrrole/Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanocomposite as Highly Selective Chemiresistor Sensor for 2,4‐DNT Vapor Recognition

Koudehi

Pourmortazavi

2018

Electroanalysis

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In this research, a chemiresistor sensor coated with the polyvinyl alcohol/polypyrrole/molecularly imprinted polymer (PVA/PPy/MIP) nanocomposite was designed and fabricated to detect the vapor of 2,4‐DNT as a nitroaromatic explosive material. The molecularly imprinted polymer was composed of molecular nanoparticles containing cavities compatible with DNT; while, the nanoparticles were synthesized using PVA and glutaraldehyde as functionalized polymer and cross‐linking agent, respectively. Composition and chemical properties of the synthesized MIP and PPy nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Results indicated that the nanoparticles of polypyrrole and the synthesized MIP have an average particle sizes of 56 nm and 45 nm, respectively. Afterwards, sensor surface was coated by a thin layer of nanocomposite composed of PVA, the PPy and MIP nanoparticles. The prepared sensors were calibrated and performance‐tested in a static setup. The developed sensor was used to measure different concentrations (0.1–150 ppm) of the explosive vapor. The coated sensor presented a linear range of response within the concentration range of 0.1–70 ppm. Also, selectivity tests were carried out in the presence of DNT and vapor of other organic matters and the results indicated that the designed sensor possesses high sensitivity and selectivity toward DNT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polypyrrole/Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanocomposite as Highly Selective Chemiresistor Sensor for 2,4‐DNT Vapor Recognition

Koudehi

Pourmortazavi

2018

Electroanalysis

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“…This would allow differentiating between the ammonia released by a dangerous device or the originated by biological processes [46]. Lubrano et al [47] resumed the advances found by Brown's team and quantified the ammonia in ANFO and ammonal (a mixture of ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder) as butyl carbamate through GC-MS, using diethylamine (DEA) as an internal standard, determining that the average concentrations of ANFO and ammonal in the HS were 6 ±2 μg L -1 and 21 ± 3 μg L -1 (Figure 6). In the two studies mentioned above, it is clear that the methodology shows good results under laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Analysis Of Volatile Organic Compounds (Vocs) Released By Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of antipersonnel landmines containing ANFO-based explosive: A review

et al. 2020

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After an internal conflict that lasted over half a century, the detection and removal of antipersonnel landmines in Colombia have become cumbersome challenges. Antipersonnel landmines remain scattered in Colombia and with a considerable impact on the central-western region. Most of these devices are handmade (therefore, they can also be classified as improvised explosive devices) and composed of ammonium nitrate and fossil fuel blend, a mixture known as ANFO. Due to several unique factors, including concealment tactics and non-conventional manufacturing techniques employed by guerrilla fighters, the most efficient method for the detection of ANFO-based antipersonnel landmines is the use of trained canines. This review aims at describing the current chemical strategies used in the detection of ANFO-based antipersonnel landmines. First, a detailed description of the different techniques used in the detection of explosives is made. Then, all the strategies reported in the world for antipersonnel landmines detection are described. Finally, the importance of the use of canines for antipersonnel landmines detection is explained.

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“… have reported a novel dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the determination of 18 BAs in beers, but the method needs a lengthy extraction step (centrifugation, elution, and nitrogen drying before sampling). Some researchers have developed on‐fiber derivatization SPME method to overcome the drawbacks, in which the derivatization reagent was firstly adsorbed on fiber before extraction process. Thus, it can simplify the procedure and reduce the amount of reagent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally friendly solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of biogenic amines in fish samples

Huang

Gan

et al. 2016

J of Separation Science

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In this work, a facile and environmentally friendly solid-phase microextraction assay based on on-fiber derivatization coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed for determining four nonvolatile index biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine) in fish samples. In the assay, the fiber was firstly dipped into a solution with isobutyl chloroformate as derivatization reagent and isooctane as extraction solvent. Thus, a thin organic liquid membrane coating was developed. Then the modified fiber was immersed into sample solution to extract four important bioamines. Afterwards, the fiber was directly inserted into gas chromatography injection port for thermal desorption. 1,7-Diaminoheptane was employed as internal standard reagent for quantification of the targets. The limits of detection of the method were 2.98-45.3 μg/kg. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of bioamines in several fish samples with recoveries ranging 78.9-110%. The organic reagent used for extraction was as few as microliter that can greatly reduce the harm to manipulator and environment. Moreover, the extraction procedures were very simple without concentration and elution procedures, which can greatly simplify the pretreatment process. The assay can be extended to the in situ screening of other pollutant in food safety by changing the derivatization reagent.

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Analysis of ammonium nitrate headspace by on-fiber solid phase microextraction derivatization with gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polypyrrole/Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanocomposite as Highly Selective Chemiresistor Sensor for 2,4‐DNT Vapor Recognition

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polypyrrole/Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanocomposite as Highly Selective Chemiresistor Sensor for 2,4‐DNT Vapor Recognition

Detection of antipersonnel landmines containing ANFO-based explosive: A review

Environmentally friendly solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of biogenic amines in fish samples

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