Analysis of air temperature dynamics in the “local climate zones” of Novi Sad (Serbia) based on long-term database from an urban meteorological network

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis of air temperature (T a ) dynamics in "local climate zones" (LCZs) of Novi Sad (Serbia) was based on measurements from 17 stations during 3 years. Hourly changes of T a , cooling rates (CR), heating rates (HR), and urban heat island (UHI) intensity were assessed on seasonal and annual level and during heat wave (HW) and cold wave (CW) periods. Substantial differences are observed for minimum (T min ) and mean temperatures (T mean ) between LCZs. Two-phase nocturnal cooling was recognized with the first cooling phase characterized by intensive LCZ dependent cooling starting at 1-3 h before sunset and lasting until 3-4 h after sunset. The second cooling phase lasts until sunrise and is characterized by less intensive and LCZ nondependent cooling. The most intensive cooling (CR peak ) was observed in first cooling phase of HW and ranged from − 1.6°C h −1 in street canyon (LCZ 2) to − 3.9°C h −1 in forest (LCZ A). Furthermore, a new cooling indicator (CR total ) was introduced. Due to cooling differences, the most intensive UHI of 5.5°C was noticed between LCZs 2 and A at sunset + 1 h during HW. Two-phase diurnal heating was also recognized in LCZs with the first heating phase characterized by intensive LCZ dependent heating starting at sunrise and lasting until 4-7 h afterwards. The most intensive heating (HR peak ) ranged from 2.0°C h −1 in street canyon to 3.0°C h −1 in industrial area (LCZ 8) during HW. The second heating phase lasts until sunset and is characterized by less intensive heating and smaller HR differences between LCZs.

Quantifying Local and Mesoscale Drivers of the Urban Heat Island of Moscow with Reference and Crowdsourced Observations

“…The identified spatial patterns of the canopy layer UHI of Moscow are consistent with studies for other cities. As found by other studies focusing on LCZs and their thermal regimes (Stewart et al, 2014;Fenner et al, 2017;Skarbit et al, 2017;Beck et al, 2018a;Verdonck et al, 2018;Kwok et al, 2019;Milošević et al, 2021), we revealed a dependence between ΔT and LCZ type (Figure 6). The highest temperatures are found for densely built compact LCZs (1-3), which are warmer than open high-/mid-rise LCZs (4, 5), which again are warmer than low-rise residential areas (LCZ 6, 9) and natural LCZs.…”

“…This concept classifies urban and rural environments according to local-scale surface cover, morphology, and human activities into 10 "built" and 7 "natural" classes, where each class has a set of characteristic parameter values (e.g., sky view factor, built-up surface fraction, and vegetation surface fraction). The body of literature using the LCZ concept is fast growing (Demuzere et al, 2021), highlighting the applicability of the concept in UHI studies and showing that different LCZs possess different air temperature regimes (see, e.g., Alexander and Mills, 2014;Fenner et al, 2014;Stewart et al, 2014;Skarbit et al, 2017;Beck et al, 2018a;Verdonck et al, 2018;Milošević et al, 2021). Despite the fact that a microscale temperature heterogeneity can still be observed within the same LCZs or neighborhoods (Ellis et al, 2015;Leconte et al, 2015;Quanz et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2018;Pacifici et al, 2019), the LCZ system is widely acknowledged as a global standard for urban temperature studies (Stewart and Oke, 2012;Jiang et al, 2021).…”

“…To resolve urban climate phenomena with observations, high-density observational networks with stations installed in various settings are required. Such networks are deployed in different cities, e.g., in Birmingham, United Kingdom (Chapman et al, 2015); Dijon, France (Richard et al, 2018); Szeged, Hungary (Lelovics et al, 2014); and Novi Sad, Serbia (Milošević et al, 2021); see review in Muller et al (2013) for further examples. However, the large majority of global cities do not possess such networks, as they are costly to install and maintain over longer periods of time (Muller et al, 2013).…”

Temporal Analysis of Urban-Suburban PET, mPET and UTCI Indices in Belgrade (Serbia)

“…One such approach with the establishment of a universally applicable system of categories that describes measurement sites for the purpose of site classification is the well-known system of local climate zones (LCZ) proposed by Stewart and Oke [75]. The advantages of this approach are clearly seen in the example of local measurements in Novi Sad (Serbia) described by Savic et al [76] and Milošević et al [77]. That would show the differences between urban and suburban areas may not be necessarily homogenous, but rather, spatially differentiated, which is partly caused by the structure of the city's geographical space, such as green and water areas, relief, types of ground, building density and heights of buildings.…”

Experimental Comparative Study between Conventional and Green Parking Lots: Analysis of Subsurface Thermal Behavior under Warm and Dry Summer Conditions

“…The rate of change (RC) was considered to investigate the thermal behavior of the parking lots over time, because this approach has been adopted in previous urban climate studies [41][42][43][44]. The analysis was based on the sixty-minute average temperature to calculate the hourly RC ( • C h −1 ) (Equations (2) and ( 3)):…”