Analysis of Acrylamide in Dried Blood Spots of Lung Cancer Patients by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic substance found in food, cigarette smoke and in an environment exposed to acrylamide. This study aims to analyze AA levels in dried blood spot (DBS) samples of lung cancer patients with smoking record, without smoking record, and also in the negative blank. Analysis of AA levels was determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and DBS extraction using protein precipitation techniques. Mass detection was done using positive electron spray ionization (ESI) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) type with m/z values of 71.99 > 55.23 for acrylamide and m/z 260.16 > 116.04 for propranolol as the internal standard. AA levels in lung cancer patients with smoking record is in the range of 4.670 μg/mL to 11.986 μg/mL. AA levels in lung cancer patients without smoking record is in the range of 2.041 μg/mL to 12.702 μg/mL. Data on AA levels on negative blanks is in the range of 2.72 μg/mL to 3.51 μg/mL. The results of the independent sample t-test (p>0.05) showed that AA levels in patients with smoking record and those without smoking record did not differ significantly. Then, the Mann-Whitney test was performed between the lung cancer group and the negative blank group and a significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.05).

Current developments of bioanalytical sample preparation techniques in pharmaceuticals

“…[ 127 ] reported the capillary DBS technology for accurate glomerular filtration rate measurements. DBS has also been used for monitoring cocaine [ 128 ], acryl amide [ 129 ], and doping agents in blood samples [ 130 ].…”

Analysis of Acrylamide and Glycidamide in Dried Blood Spot of Smokers Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…17 Therefore, the ratio of AA and GA are varying. Previously, there have been studies that analyze AA in DBS sample of lung cancer patients, though that study only analyzes AA without GA. 7 The result of said study 7 shows that there is no significant difference between AA levels of lung cancer patients and healthy subjects. This could be caused by factors such as patients have stopped smoking for some time, dietary intakes, etc.…”

“…6 Also, analysis of AA in dried blood spots of lung cancer has been done. 7 Meanwhile, there is no analysis method for the simultaneous analysis of AA and GA in smoker's DBS samples.…”

“…This study aims to determine the levels of AA and GA, with propanamide (PA) as the internal standard in blood samples from subjects who smoke and healthy subjects who do not smoke (controls) using LC-MS/MS. Compared to the study that has been done by Harahap et al 7 on acrylamide, this study adds the analysis of GA content in DBS sample of smokers as well. Previously, a validated method of AA and GA in DBS has been developed.…”

“…Previously, a validated method of AA and GA in DBS has been developed. 7 In this study, we used a modified method that was optimized and validated by Harahap et al 7…”