Analysis of ACE2 Gene-Encoded Proteins Across Mammalian Species

Cao, Ying; Sun, Yeping; Tian, Xiaodong; Bai, Zhihua; Gong, Yangyang; Qi, Jianxun; Liu, Di; Liu, Wenjun; Li, Jing

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00457

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…are an example where a high level of human interaction occurs throughout sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. Savannah Monkeys carry the ACE2 receptor for SARS-CoV-2 binding, which increases the risk of bi-directional cross-species transmission and potential of viral mutations to optimize transmission and virulence ( 49 , 263 ). Ecological and environmental factors, however, may lead to natural host species that carry different coronaviruses and were initially separated geographically to come in contact in the same new host.…”

Section: Reservoir Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus infections have been a part of the animal kingdom for millennia. The difference emerging in the twenty-first century is that a greater number of novel coronaviruses are being discovered primarily due to more advanced technology and that a greater number can be transmitted to humans, either directly or via an intermediate host. This has a range of effects from annual infections that are mild to full-blown pandemics. This review compares the zoonotic potential and relationship between MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The role of bats as possible host species and possible intermediate hosts including pangolins, civets, mink, birds, and other mammals are discussed with reference to mutations of the viral genome affecting zoonosis. Ecological, social, cultural, and environmental factors that may play a role in zoonotic transmission are considered with reference to SARS-CoV, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 and possible future zoonotic events.

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Section: Reservoir Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…The cell lines Vero and Vero-E6 have been extensively used in many studies of SARS-CoV-2 virus, due to the high homology of green monkey ACE2 with that of humans (97.1% of similarity and 94.8% of identity) [39] , [40] and the high expression of this receptor in their membranes [41] , [42] . Vero cells are used for virus amplification, while Vero-E6 are employed mainly in cVNT [3] , [14] , [17] , which make them good candidates to be used in a cell-based ELISA as source of ACE2 receptor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cell-based ELISA as surrogate of virus neutralization assay for RBD SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies

Pi-Estopiñán

Pérez²,

Fraga³

et al. 2022

Vaccine

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“…Despite this, recent evidence points to the novel variants of this virus as capable of infecting common mice, such as BALB/c and C57BL/6, inducing significant pathological lung lesions and inflammatory responses. (18) Furthermore, although previous predictive analysis has suggested that ACE2 gene-encoded proteins are highly homologous across mammals, (35) recent reports have demonstrated that the S1 protein mediates a clear pro-inflammatory activation state in several macrophagic cell lineages and primary cultures through direct interaction and activation of other receptors, such as TLR4 and TLR2, (19,36) being considered a PAMP. (37) Indeed, the S protein, but not M, N, and E proteins revealed to be a potent viral PAMP, stimulating macrophages, monocytes, and lung epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells

Filho

Jucá

Soares

et al. 2023

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUNDThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can infect common mice inducing significant pathological lung lesions and inflammatory responses. This substantially mimics coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection and pathogenesis in humans.OBJECTIVES To characterise the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells' immune activation compared with classical PAMPs in vitro.METHODS Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the RBD peptide (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 µg/mL), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) and evaluated after two and 24 h for significant markers of macrophage activation. We determined the effects of RBD peptide on cell viability, cleaved caspase 3 expressions, and nuclear morphometry analysis.FINDINGS In RAW cells, RBD peptide was cytotoxic, but not for BV2 cells. RAW cells presented increased arginase activity and IL-10 production; however, BV2 cells expressed iNOS and IL-6 after RBD peptide exposure. In addition, RAW cells increased cleaved-caspase-3, apoptosis, and mitotic catastrophe after RBD peptide stimulation but not BV2 cells.CONCLUSION RBD peptide exposure has different effects depending on the cell line, exposure time, and concentration. This study brings new evidence about the immunogenic profile of RBD in macrophage and microglial cells, advancing the understanding of SARS-Cov2 immuno-and neuropathology.

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Analysis of ACE2 Gene-Encoded Proteins Across Mammalian Species

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

Evolution, Ecology, and Zoonotic Transmission of Betacoronaviruses: A Review

A cell-based ELISA as surrogate of virus neutralization assay for RBD SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies

In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells

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