Analysis of a range of crown gall and normal plant tissues for Ti plasmid-determined compounds

Scott, Ian M.; Firmin, J. L.; Butcher, D. N.; Searle, Linda M.; Sogeke, A. K.; Eagles, John M.; March, John F.; Self, Ron; Fenwick, G. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00334296

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Electrophoretically neutral, AgNO3-positive compounds were detected in the extracts prepared from all normal and transgenic tissues and in wash fluids from seeds but not from leaves ( Fig. 3B and C (18) and 70 (20) (18,20). This is the first report showing exudation of opines of any type by nononcogenic transgenic plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Three ORFs, 24, 25, and 26, located in the TR-DNA of octopine-type Ti plasmids (2), corresponding to transcripts 2', 1', and 0' (5), are required for biosynthesis of the four mannityl opines in tumor tissue. Although the mannityl opines are produced in large amounts in tumor tissue (18,20), no T-DNA-encoded genes have been identified that are associated with their exudation (16). Furthermore, although it is known that transgenic plants can produce these opines (3), the levels of accumulation and the exudation of these compounds from nononcogenic plant tissues such as root, leaf, and seed have not been described.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mannityl Opine Accumulation and Exudation by Transgenic Tobacco

Savka¹,

Farrand²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Three genes from the TR region of pTilS955 were introduced into tobacco (Nicotlana tabecum L.) to direct the synthesis of the mannityl opines from hexose sugars and glutamine or glutamate. Opines were present in all tissue types tested and accumulated to levels of 100 to 150 micrograms per milligram dry weight in root, stem, and leaf tissues. Opine-producing plants appeared normal with respect to morphology and development. Transgenic plants grown for 60 days under sterile autotrophic conditions produced up to 540 micrograms of the mannityl opines per milligrams dry weight of tissue as root exudates. Opines were also detected in leaf and seed washes from soil-grown plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannityl Opine Accumulation and Exudation by Transgenic Tobacco

Savka¹,

Farrand²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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“…Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes the related hairy root disease by a similar mechanism involving a root-inducing (Ri) plasmid (10,51). More than a dozen opines have been isolated (9, 12-15, 20, 22, 41, [43][44][45]. Agrobacteria, and the Ti plasmids they carry, are classified according to the types of opines present in the tumors they incite (48).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannopine and mannopinic acid as substrates for Arthrobacter sp. strain MBA209 and Pseudomonas putida NA513

1991

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The characteristics of mannopine and mannopinic acid utilization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens B6S3, Arthrobacter sp. strain MBA209, and Pseudomonas putida NA513 were studied. Strain B6S3 utilized the four mannityl opines, mannopine, mannopinic acid, agropine, and agropinic acid. It also utilized several mannityl opine analogs, which were modified in either the sugar or the amino acid moiety. It utilized mannopine more rapidly after preincubation on mannopine, mannopinic acid, or glutamine than after pregrowth on glucose, mannose, or mannitol. Strains MBA209 and NA513 utilized mannopine and mannopinic acid, but not the other two mannityl opines. They utilized few mannityl opine analogs, sometimes because of failure to utilize the products of initial cleavage of the analog. Utilization of mannopine and mannopinic acid by strain NA513 was strictly dependent on prior growth on these substrates. A spontaneous regulatory variant of strain NA513 remained unable to utilize most of the mannityl opine analogs. Glutamine, mannose, and several analogs had no inhibitory effect on [14C]mannopine utilization by strain NA513.The soil microbe Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in a wide range of dicotyledonous plants. Crown gall tumors contain low-molecular-weight metabolites called opines which are not found in non-tumorous plants. A. tumefaciens incites tumors by transferring part of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the host plant cell. The transferred DNA of bacterial origin, or T-DNA, becomes integrated into the plant genome (6,23,27,36) where it is expressed, determining tumor development and the synthesis of one or more opines (5,16,21,23,29). Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes the related hairy root disease by a similar mechanism involving a root-inducing (Ri) plasmid (10, 51). More than a dozen opines have been isolated (9, 12-15, 20, 22, 41, 43-45). Agrobacteria, and the Ti plasmids they carry, are classified according to the types of opines present in the tumors they incite (48). Opines are catabolized by the inciting agrobacteria at the direction of genes localized on a nontransferred region of the Ti plasmids. A direct correspondence exists between the biosynthetic activity expressed by crown gall tumors and the catabolic potential of the inciting agrobacteria (38). Opines can be used as the sole carbon source and, in most cases, also as the sole nitrogen source. Opine catabolism by agrobacteria has been found to be inducible in all instances which have been investigated (11,30,47).Opine catabolism is also a property of various types of microorganisms not belonging in the genus Agrobacterium (1,2,7,8,31,32,40,49). Pseudomonads and coryneform bacteria utilizing opines of the imino diacid type, such as octopine, nopaline, succinamopine, and leucinopine, are readily recovered from soil and plant samples (2,3,7,39,49). Octopine specifically induces an octopine permease activity in Pseudomonas putida 203 (4). A recent study concluded that octopine was a substrate of poor selectivity for agrobacteria, i...

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“…It was often discussed [12,18,46] if the presence is true of very small and hardly detectable amounts of opines in healthy plant tissues. It was therefore important to deter mine to what extent DNA from healthy plant tissue will respond (or not) to the action of opines.…”

Section: Effects O F Opines Hormone Iaa and Carcinogenic Compounds Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A given A. tumefaciens strain has the property of inducing tumors which specifically synthe size the type of opine(s) which may be metab olized by this bacterial strain [32,41]. A great deal of research has been carried out to try and to correlate crown gall induction in plants and the capacity of these tumorous tissues to synthesize specific opines [18,46]. Whereas these compounds are characteristic of most crown gall tumors, their biochemical role in such tissues is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro Effects of Opines and Other Compounds on DNAs Originating from Bacteria, and from Healthy and Tumorous Plant Tissues

Goff¹,

Beljanski²

1985

Pathobiology

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Purified total DNAs were isolated from oncogenic or nononcogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells as well as from normal and crown gall tissues. Opines (octopine, nopaline, lysopine), plant hormone (auxin IAA) and some carcinogenic compounds were used in order to correlate their effects on in vitro strand separation and synthesis of DNAs with in vivo tumorous cell multiplication. Octopine (or nopaline) induced chain opening of DNAs originating from octopine (or nopaline)-metabolizing bacteria and from same bacteria strain-induced tumorous cells. This phenomenon was measured by the increase in DNA hyperchromicity which is concentration dependent. The tested compounds stimulated the in vitro synthesis of the same DNAs. Under the same conditions, in vitro strand separation and synthesis of healthy plant DNA was not (or only slightly) enhanced, except in the case of particular hormone-connected healthy cell DNA. IAA and carcinogens stimulated in vitro synthesis and induced in vitro strand separation (dose-dependent effect) of DNAs isolated from crown gall cells and inducing bacteria. Compared to healthy cell DNAs, these DNAs were thus susceptible to structurally very diversified molecules and in this way behave as do mammalian tissue DNAs. The opine and IAA actions observed here were specific for plant tissue DNA; cancerous human or animal tissue DNAs were insensitive. By their presence in the crown gall cells, opines possibly maintain destabilized areas (required for rapid growth and division) on tumor cell DNA. The cooperative actions of IAA and opines as well as small RNA and RNA fragments on gene activation, might explain the autonomy of plant tumor cells.

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Analysis of a range of crown gall and normal plant tissues for Ti plasmid-determined compounds

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Mannityl Opine Accumulation and Exudation by Transgenic Tobacco

Mannityl Opine Accumulation and Exudation by Transgenic Tobacco

Mannopine and mannopinic acid as substrates for Arthrobacter sp. strain MBA209 and Pseudomonas putida NA513

The in vitro Effects of Opines and Other Compounds on DNAs Originating from Bacteria, and from Healthy and Tumorous Plant Tissues

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