“…Piezoelectric devices have been used in various applications such as miniature driving mechanisms [1], precision positioning [2,3], particle manipulations [4], communication systems [5], remote sensing [6],vibration control [7], chemical engineering [8], biomedical engineering [9], and microfluidics [10]. In most applications, electric energy is applied to the piezoelectric devices via lead wires soldered on the electrodes of piezoelectric components.…”