ANALYSIS CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF RED ONION (Allium cepa L.) BULB SKIN EXTRACT

Abstract

Recently, drug resistance because of widespread abuse and uncontrol use of antibiotics has become an increasingly difficult problem, with the result that making the development of alternative antimicrobial very urgent handling. Aim of this study was to investigate chemical compounds and antimicrobial activity of outer layers (skin) of red onion bulbs from various extracts using different solvents according to their polarity. In this study, outer layers (skin) of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs extract by directly maceration method with methanol as solvent and stratified maceration method based on solvent polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). Analysis of chemical compound of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract carried by thin layer chromatography. Phytochemical screening carried out on outer layers of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs in simplicia powder. An antimicrobial activity using agar well diffusion method. The culture of microorganism used were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Phytochemistry screening positive results of simplicia were showed against the class secondary metabolites of chemical compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins but not contained anthraquinone glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. Analysis of chemical compounds of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract produced different chemical compounds, namely triterpenoids and steroids (for hexane extract), polyphenols and alkaloids (for ethyl acetate extract), triterpenoids, polyphenols and alkaloids (for methanol extract). Data showed that extract from stratified maceration method using methanol provided the most extensive inhibitory diameter. Extract of directly maceration method using methanol and extract of stratified maceration method using ethyl acetate showed not so different antimicrobial activity, whereas for an extract from stratified maceration method using hexane was not provide antimicrobial activity at all.

Antibacterial Activity of Clove Medicinal Plants (Bischofia javanica Blume) Against Cell Damage of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica

“…These results indicate that most likely the compounds contained in the bark of the cingkam stem extracted with hexane solvent have been removed. These results are similar to the research reported by [9] Masfria, et al, (2019) which stated that hexane extract of cingkam stem bark containing triterpenoids and steroids did not provide activity against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. Based on the extent of the clear zone in the extraction with ethylacetate solvent, it can be categorized into a medium spectrum category.…”

Antimicrobial assessment of polyphenolic extracts from onion (Allium cepa L.) skin of fifteen cultivars by sonication-assisted extraction method

“…(2009) investigated antibacterial potential of red onion skin extract and reported good inhibition against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens than onion bulb . Likewise, skin extract of red onion was found effective for the inhibition of two pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli up to 12 mm ( Masfria et al., 2019 ). Quercetin flavonol has been extensively studied as a key flavonoid for the inhibition of bacteria ( Wu et al., 2008 ) and certainly, the flavonoids content may be correlated with the antimicrobial activity of the onion.…”

Antimicrobial Activity Test of Genus Allium: A Review

“…While the antimicrobial activity of chloroform and butanol of Allium cepa bulbs fraction against Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the largest inhibition zone diameter at a concentration of 2 mg/disc by 40% 14 . The methanol fraction of the peels of Allium cepa L. at a concentration of 150 mg/ml was more sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with the formation of the highest inhibition zone diameters, respectively, 12 mm, 11 mm, and 10.5 mm 15 .…”

“…Peels simplicia of Allium cepa bulbs showed positive results against the chemical compounds alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins. Each extract of Allium cepa bulb solvent produced different compounds, namely triterpenoids, steroids (n-hexane extract), polyphenols, alkaloids (ethyl acetate extract), and triterpenoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids (methanol extract) 15 . Meanwhile, the antimicrobial activity caused by the ethanol extract of Allium cepa peels can occur due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids 11 .…”